[Docs] newbs_flashing.md: place bootloader instructions before Toolbox intro (#9077)
* newbs_flashing.md: place bootloader instructions before Toolbox intro * Update docs/newbs_flashing.md * More wordsmithing, point ARM users at Discord if all else fails * Link Discord
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Now that you've built a custom firmware file you'll want to flash your keyboard.
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## Put Your Keyboard into DFU (Bootloader) Mode
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In order to flash your custom firmware you must first put your keyboard into a special flashing mode. While it is in this mode you will not be able to type or otherwise use your keyboard. It is very important that you do not unplug the keyboard or otherwise interrupt the flashing process while the firmware is being written.
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Different keyboards have different ways to enter this special mode. If your PCB currently runs QMK, TMK, or PS2AVRGB (Bootmapper Client) and you have not been given specific instructions, try the following, in order:
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* Hold down both shift keys and press `Pause`
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* Hold down both shift keys and press `B`
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* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the Spacebar and `B` at the same time, plug in your keyboard and wait a second before releasing the keys
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* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the top or bottom left key (usually Escape or Left Control) and plug in your keyboard
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* Press the physical `RESET` button, usually located on the underside of the PCB
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* Locate header pins on the PCB labeled `RESET` and `GND`, and short them together while plugging your PCB in
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If you've attempted all of the above to no avail, and the main chip on the board says `STM32` on it, this may be a bit more complicated. Generally your best bet is to ask on [Discord](https://discord.gg/Uq7gcHh) for assistance. It's likely some photos of the board will be asked for -- if you can get them ready beforehand it'll help move things along!
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Otherwise, you should see a message in yellow, similar to this in QMK Toolbox:
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```
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*** DFU device connected: Atmel Corp. ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
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```
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and this bootloader device will also be present in Device Manager, System Information.app, or `lsusb`.
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## Flashing Your Keyboard with QMK Toolbox
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The simplest way to flash your keyboard will be with the [QMK Toolbox](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_toolbox/releases).
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However, the QMK Toolbox is only available for Windows and macOS currently. If you're using Linux (or just wish to flash the firmware from the command line), proceed down to [Flash Your Keyboard From The Command Line](#flash-your-keyboard-from-the-command-line).
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However, the Toolbox is currently only available for Windows and macOS. If you're using Linux (or just wish to flash the firmware from the command line), skip to the [Flash your Keyboard from the Command Line](#flash-your-keyboard-from-the-command-line) section.
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### Load The File Into QMK Toolbox
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### Load the File into QMK Toolbox
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Begin by opening the QMK Toolbox application. You'll want to locate the firmware file in Finder or Explorer. Your keyboard firmware may be in one of two formats- `.hex` or `.bin`. QMK tries to copy the appropriate one for your keyboard into the root `qmk_firmware` directory.
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If you are on Windows or macOS there are commands you can use to easily open the current firmware folder in Explorer or Finder.
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If you are on Windows or macOS, there are commands you can use to easily open the current folder in Explorer or Finder.
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#### Windows
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@ -40,48 +63,27 @@ planck_rev5_default.hex
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Once you have located your firmware file drag it into the "Local file" box in QMK Toolbox, or click "Open" and navigate to where your firmware file is stored.
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### Put Your Keyboard Into DFU (Bootloader) Mode
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In order to flash your custom firmware you have to put your keyboard into a special flashing mode. While it is in this mode you will not be able to type or otherwise use your keyboard. It is very important that you do not unplug your keyboard or otherwise interrupt the flashing process while the firmware is being written.
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Different keyboards have different ways to enter this special mode. If your PCB currently runs QMK or TMK and you have not been given specific instructions try the following, in order:
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* Hold down both shift keys and press `Pause`
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* Hold down both shift keys and press `B`
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* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the Spacebar and `B` at the same time, plug in your keyboard and wait a second before releasing the keys
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* Press the physical `RESET` button on the bottom of the PCB
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* Locate header pins on the PCB labeled `BOOT0` or `RESET`, short those together while plugging your PCB in
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When you are successful you will see a message similar to this in QMK Toolbox:
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```
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*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap disconnected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390
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*** DFU device connected
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```
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### Flash Your Keyboard
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Click the `Flash` button in QMK Toolbox. You will see output similar to the following:
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```
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*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap disconnected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390
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*** DFU device connected
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*** DFU device connected: Atmel Corp. ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
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*** Attempting to flash, please don't remove device
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>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 erase --force
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>>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 erase --force
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Erasing flash... Success
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Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x6FFF... Empty.
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>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 flash /Users/skully/qmk_firmware/clueboard_66_hotswap_gen1_skully.hex
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Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x55FF... Empty.
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0% 100% Programming 0x5600 bytes...
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>>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 flash "D:\Git\qmk_firmware\gh60_satan_default.hex"
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Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x3F7F... Empty.
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0% 100% Programming 0x3F80 bytes...
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[>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success
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0% 100% Reading 0x7000 bytes...
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[>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success
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Validating... Success
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0x5600 bytes written into 0x7000 bytes memory (76.79%).
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>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 reset
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0x3F80 bytes written into 0x7000 bytes memory (56.70%).
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>>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 reset
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*** DFU device disconnected
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*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap connected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390
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*** DFU device disconnected: Atmel Corp: ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
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```
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## Flash your Keyboard from the Command Line
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@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ This has been made pretty simple compared to what it used to be. When you are r
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qmk flash
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If you have not configured your keyboard/keymap name, or you have multiple keyboards, you can specify the keyboard and keymap:
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If you have not configured your keyboard/keymap name in the CLI, or you have multiple keyboards, you can specify the keyboard and keymap:
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qmk flash -kb <my_keyboard> -km <my_keymap>
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