diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index acec86151..009a13ae3 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ GEM
       omniauth-oauth2 (>= 1.4.0)
     openssl (2.1.2)
     parallel (1.19.2)
-    parser (2.7.1.5)
+    parser (2.7.2.0)
       ast (~> 2.4.1)
     pg (0.21.0)
     pluginator (1.5.0)
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ GEM
     rb-inotify (0.10.0)
       ffi (~> 1.0)
     rchardet (1.8.0)
-    regexp_parser (1.8.0)
+    regexp_parser (1.8.2)
     rest-client (2.0.2)
       http-cookie (>= 1.0.2, < 2.0)
       mime-types (>= 1.16, < 4.0)
@@ -452,16 +452,16 @@ GEM
       rspec-support (~> 3.9.0)
     rspec-support (3.9.3)
     rszr (0.5.2)
-    rubocop (0.92.0)
+    rubocop (0.93.1)
       parallel (~> 1.10)
       parser (>= 2.7.1.5)
       rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
-      regexp_parser (>= 1.7)
+      regexp_parser (>= 1.8)
       rexml
-      rubocop-ast (>= 0.5.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 0.6.0)
       ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
       unicode-display_width (>= 1.4.0, < 2.0)
-    rubocop-ast (0.5.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.0.0)
       parser (>= 2.7.1.5)
     rubocop-performance (1.8.1)
       rubocop (>= 0.87.0)
@@ -470,8 +470,9 @@ GEM
       activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
       rack (>= 1.1)
       rubocop (>= 0.87.0)
-    rubocop-rspec (1.43.2)
+    rubocop-rspec (1.44.1)
       rubocop (~> 0.87)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 0.7.1)
     ruby-progressbar (1.10.1)
     ruby-saml (1.10.2)
       nokogiri (>= 1.5.10)
diff --git a/app/controllers/monitoring_controller.rb b/app/controllers/monitoring_controller.rb
index 90e16311c..ddd587960 100644
--- a/app/controllers/monitoring_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/monitoring_controller.rb
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ curl http://localhost/api/v1/monitoring/health_check?token=XXX
     handler_attempts_map = {}
     failed_jobs.order(:created_at).limit(10).each do |job|
 
-      job_name = if job.class.name == 'Delayed::Backend::ActiveRecord::Job'.freeze && job.payload_object.respond_to?(:job_data)
+      job_name = if job.instance_of?(Delayed::Backend::ActiveRecord::Job) && job.payload_object.respond_to?(:job_data)
                    job.payload_object.job_data['job_class']
                  else
                    job.name
diff --git a/app/controllers/tickets_controller.rb b/app/controllers/tickets_controller.rb
index a90f4baa5..0630be08f 100644
--- a/app/controllers/tickets_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/tickets_controller.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class TicketsController < ApplicationController
   # POST /api/v1/tickets
   def create
     customer = {}
-    if params[:customer].class == ActionController::Parameters
+    if params[:customer].instance_of?(ActionController::Parameters)
       customer = params[:customer]
       params.delete(:customer)
     end
diff --git a/app/models/avatar.rb b/app/models/avatar.rb
index 4f58bce3a..562e0d4eb 100644
--- a/app/models/avatar.rb
+++ b/app/models/avatar.rb
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ add avatar by url
 
     # fetch image based on http url
     if data[:url].present?
-      if data[:url].class == Tempfile
+      if data[:url].instance_of?(Tempfile)
         logger.info "Reading image from tempfile '#{data[:url].inspect}'"
         content = data[:url].read
         filename = data[:url].path
diff --git a/app/models/channel/email_build.rb b/app/models/channel/email_build.rb
index f0d9a85e2..6f78de39e 100644
--- a/app/models/channel/email_build.rb
+++ b/app/models/channel/email_build.rb
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ generate email with S/MIME
 
       # place to add inline attachments related to html alternative
       attr[:attachments]&.each do |attachment|
-        next if attachment.class == Hash
+        next if attachment.instance_of?(Hash)
         next if attachment.preferences['Content-ID'].blank?
 
         attachment = Mail::Part.new do
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ generate email with S/MIME
 
     # add attachments
     attr[:attachments]&.each do |attachment|
-      if attachment.class == Hash
+      if attachment.instance_of?(Hash)
         attachment['content-id'] = nil
         mail.attachments[attachment[:filename]] = attachment
       else
diff --git a/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb b/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
index 0a27bbc52..11908e981 100644
--- a/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
+++ b/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
@@ -678,11 +678,12 @@ process unprocessable_mails (tmp/unprocessable_mail/*.eml) again
       filename = file.header[:content_disposition].try(:filename)
     rescue
       begin
-        if file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
+        case file.header[:content_disposition].to_s
+        when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
           filename = $3
-        elsif file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
+        when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
           filename = $3
-        elsif file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
+        when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
           filename = $3
         end
       rescue
@@ -691,11 +692,12 @@ process unprocessable_mails (tmp/unprocessable_mail/*.eml) again
     end
 
     begin
-      if file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
+      case file.header[:content_disposition].to_s
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
         filename = $3
-      elsif file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
         filename = $3
-      elsif file.header[:content_disposition].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
         filename = $3
       end
     rescue
@@ -704,11 +706,12 @@ process unprocessable_mails (tmp/unprocessable_mail/*.eml) again
 
     # as fallback, use raw values
     if filename.blank?
-      if headers_store['Content-Disposition'].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
+      case headers_store['Content-Disposition'].to_s
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})="(.+?)"/i
         filename = $3
-      elsif headers_store['Content-Disposition'].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})='(.+?)'/i
         filename = $3
-      elsif headers_store['Content-Disposition'].to_s =~ /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
+      when /(filename|name)(\*{0,1})=(.+?);/i
         filename = $3
       end
     end
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/can_csv_import.rb b/app/models/concerns/can_csv_import.rb
index 32e669c6f..951476354 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/can_csv_import.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/can_csv_import.rb
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ returns
         record_attributes_with_association_names = record.attributes_with_association_names
         records_attributes_with_association_names.push record_attributes_with_association_names
         record_attributes_with_association_names.each do |key, value|
-          next if value.class == ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
-          next if value.class == Hash
+          next if value.instance_of?(ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess)
+          next if value.instance_of?(Hash)
           next if csv_attributes_ignored&.include?(key.to_sym)
           next if key.end_with?('_id')
           next if key.end_with?('_ids')
@@ -269,11 +269,11 @@ returns
         position = -1
         header.each do |key|
           position += 1
-          if record[key].class == ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
+          if record[key].instance_of?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)
             row.push record[key].iso8601
             next
           end
-          if record[key].class == Array
+          if record[key].instance_of?(Array)
             entry_count = -2
             record[key].each do |entry|
               entry_count += 1
diff --git a/app/models/cti/log.rb b/app/models/cti/log.rb
index c7e4caca2..14cfa51d7 100644
--- a/app/models/cti/log.rb
+++ b/app/models/cti/log.rb
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Cti::Log.process(
       user    = params['user']
       queue   = params['queue']
       call_id = params['callId'] || params['call_id']
-      if user.class == Array
+      if user.instance_of?(Array)
         user = user.join(', ')
       end
 
diff --git a/app/models/observer/sla/ticket_rebuild_escalation.rb b/app/models/observer/sla/ticket_rebuild_escalation.rb
index ea323c230..07d35c4a3 100644
--- a/app/models/observer/sla/ticket_rebuild_escalation.rb
+++ b/app/models/observer/sla/ticket_rebuild_escalation.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Observer::Sla::TicketRebuildEscalation < ActiveRecord::Observer
 
     # check if condition has changed
     changed = false
-    fields_to_check = if record.class == Sla
+    fields_to_check = if record.instance_of?(Sla)
                         %w[condition calendar_id first_response_time update_time solution_time]
                       else
                         %w[timezone business_hours default ical_url public_holidays]
diff --git a/app/models/observer/ticket/article/communicate_twitter/background_job.rb b/app/models/observer/ticket/article/communicate_twitter/background_job.rb
index b442c35ce..582dfa575 100644
--- a/app/models/observer/ticket/article/communicate_twitter/background_job.rb
+++ b/app/models/observer/ticket/article/communicate_twitter/background_job.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Observer::Ticket::Article::CommunicateTwitter::BackgroundJob
       end
 
     # regular tweet
-    elsif tweet.class == Twitter::Tweet
+    elsif tweet.instance_of?(Twitter::Tweet)
       tweet_type = 'Tweet'
       article.from = "@#{tweet.user.screen_name}"
       if tweet.user_mentions
diff --git a/app/models/ticket.rb b/app/models/ticket.rb
index faed6e6e3..cbb3cdb9c 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket.rb
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ condition example
 
       # validate value / allow blank but only if pre_condition exists and is not specific
       if !selector.key?('value') ||
-         (selector['value'].class == Array && selector['value'].respond_to?(:blank?) && selector['value'].blank?) ||
+         (selector['value'].instance_of?(Array) && selector['value'].respond_to?(:blank?) && selector['value'].blank?) ||
          (selector['operator'].start_with?('contains') && selector['value'].respond_to?(:blank?) && selector['value'].blank?)
         return nil if selector['pre_condition'].nil?
         return nil if selector['pre_condition'].respond_to?(:blank?) && selector['pre_condition'].blank?
diff --git a/app/models/transaction/slack.rb b/app/models/transaction/slack.rb
index 7ede4fc48..072d0da41 100644
--- a/app/models/transaction/slack.rb
+++ b/app/models/transaction/slack.rb
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Transaction::Slack
       end
 
       # check action
-      if local_config['types'].class == Array
+      if local_config['types'].instance_of?(Array)
         hit = false
         local_config['types'].each do |type|
           next if type.to_s != @item[:type].to_s
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class Transaction::Slack
       end
 
       # check group
-      if local_config['group_ids'].class == Array
+      if local_config['group_ids'].instance_of?(Array)
         hit = false
         local_config['group_ids'].each do |group_id|
           next if group_id.to_s != ticket.group_id.to_s
diff --git a/app/models/translation.rb b/app/models/translation.rb
index 868c9e802..f82594425 100644
--- a/app/models/translation.rb
+++ b/app/models/translation.rb
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ or
 
   def self.timestamp(locale, timezone, timestamp)
 
-    if timestamp.class == String
+    if timestamp.instance_of?(String)
       begin
         timestamp_parsed = Time.zone.parse(timestamp)
         return timestamp.to_s if !timestamp_parsed
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ or
 
   def self.date(locale, date)
 
-    if date.class == String
+    if date.instance_of?(String)
       begin
         date_parsed = Date.parse(date)
         return date.to_s if !date_parsed
diff --git a/db/migrate/20171023000001_fixed_store_upgrade_ror_45.rb b/db/migrate/20171023000001_fixed_store_upgrade_ror_45.rb
index 83212d37d..4a0d0d7d7 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20171023000001_fixed_store_upgrade_ror_45.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20171023000001_fixed_store_upgrade_ror_45.rb
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class FixedStoreUpgradeRor45 < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   end
 
   def cleanup(value)
-    if value.class == ActionController::Parameters
+    if value.instance_of?(ActionController::Parameters)
       value = value.permit!.to_h
     end
     return value if value.class != ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess && value.class != Hash
diff --git a/db/migrate/20180410000001_cleanup_user_preferences_notification_sound2.rb b/db/migrate/20180410000001_cleanup_user_preferences_notification_sound2.rb
index 10e860cd7..936a73aef 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20180410000001_cleanup_user_preferences_notification_sound2.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20180410000001_cleanup_user_preferences_notification_sound2.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 class CleanupUserPreferencesNotificationSound2 < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
 
   def local_to_h!(value)
-    if value.class == ActionController::Parameters
+    if value.instance_of?(ActionController::Parameters)
       value = value.permit!.to_h
     end
-    if value.class == Hash || value.class == ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
+    if value.instance_of?(Hash) || value.instance_of?(ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess)
       value.each_key do |local_key|
         value[local_key] = local_to_h!(value[local_key])
       end
diff --git a/db/migrate/20180806000001_fixed_twitter_ticket_article_preferences7.rb b/db/migrate/20180806000001_fixed_twitter_ticket_article_preferences7.rb
index 71dad8644..b855332d3 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20180806000001_fixed_twitter_ticket_article_preferences7.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20180806000001_fixed_twitter_ticket_article_preferences7.rb
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class FixedTwitterTicketArticlePreferences7 < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
         next if value.class != ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
 
         value.each do |sub_key, sub_level|
-          if sub_level.class == NilClass
+          if sub_level.instance_of?(NilClass)
             value[sub_key] = nil
             next
           end
-          if sub_level.class == Twitter::Place || sub_level.class == Twitter::Geo
+          if sub_level.instance_of?(Twitter::Place) || sub_level.instance_of?(Twitter::Geo)
             value[sub_key] = sub_level.to_h
             changed = true
             next
diff --git a/lib/core_ext/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb b/lib/core_ext/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
index 8d5473bea..ae9bc6ee2 100644
--- a/lib/core_ext/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/core_ext/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
 
           column_names = index_columns.split ', '
-          if column_names.class == Array
+          if column_names.instance_of?(Array)
             index_columns_new = []
             column_names.each do |i|
               if i =~ /^"(name|login|locale|alias)"$/ || i.end_with?('name"')
diff --git a/lib/html_sanitizer.rb b/lib/html_sanitizer.rb
index c645a0656..ca7798904 100644
--- a/lib/html_sanitizer.rb
+++ b/lib/html_sanitizer.rb
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ cleanup html string:
       end
 
       # remove not needed new lines
-      if node.class == Nokogiri::XML::Text
+      if node.instance_of?(Nokogiri::XML::Text)
         if !node.parent || (node.parent.name != 'pre' && node.parent.name != 'code') # rubocop:disable Style/SoleNestedConditional
           content = node.content
           if content
diff --git a/lib/idoit.rb b/lib/idoit.rb
index 42a599379..a40a1d112 100644
--- a/lib/idoit.rb
+++ b/lib/idoit.rb
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ or with filter:
     raise "Can't fetch objects from #{url}: #{result.error}" if !result.success?
 
     # add link to idoit
-    if result.data['result'].class == Array
+    if result.data['result'].instance_of?(Array)
       result.data['result'].each do |item|
         next if !item['id']
 
diff --git a/lib/notification_factory/renderer.rb b/lib/notification_factory/renderer.rb
index ad34237da..292a33a36 100644
--- a/lib/notification_factory/renderer.rb
+++ b/lib/notification_factory/renderer.rb
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ examples how to use
   private
 
   def convert_to_timezone(value)
-    return Translation.timestamp(@locale, @timezone, value) if value.class == ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
-    return Translation.date(@locale, value) if value.class == Date
+    return Translation.timestamp(@locale, @timezone, value) if value.instance_of?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)
+    return Translation.date(@locale, value) if value.instance_of?(Date)
 
     value
   end
diff --git a/lib/push_messages.rb b/lib/push_messages.rb
index fcb9d9ab1..5cdcc59ab 100644
--- a/lib/push_messages.rb
+++ b/lib/push_messages.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module PushMessages
 
   def self.enabled?
-    return true if Thread.current[:push_messages].class == Array
+    return true if Thread.current[:push_messages].instance_of?(Array)
 
     false
   end
diff --git a/lib/twitter_sync.rb b/lib/twitter_sync.rb
index d50e7df36..39dd0d919 100644
--- a/lib/twitter_sync.rb
+++ b/lib/twitter_sync.rb
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class TwitterSync
     # normalize message
     message = {}
 
-    if tweet.class == Twitter::Tweet
+    if tweet.instance_of?(Twitter::Tweet)
       message = {
         type: 'tweet',
         text: tweet.text,
@@ -610,11 +610,11 @@ or
     # replace Twitter::NullObject with nill to prevent elasticsearch index issue
     preferences.each do |key, value|
 
-      if value.class == Twitter::Place || value.class == Twitter::Geo
+      if value.instance_of?(Twitter::Place) || value.instance_of?(Twitter::Geo)
         preferences[key] = value.to_h
         next
       end
-      if value.class == Twitter::NullObject
+      if value.instance_of?(Twitter::NullObject)
         preferences[key] = nil
         next
       end
@@ -622,11 +622,11 @@ or
       next if !value.is_a?(Hash)
 
       value.each do |sub_key, sub_level|
-        if sub_level.class == NilClass
+        if sub_level.instance_of?(NilClass)
           value[sub_key] = nil
           next
         end
-        if sub_level.class == Twitter::Place || sub_level.class == Twitter::Geo
+        if sub_level.instance_of?(Twitter::Place) || sub_level.instance_of?(Twitter::Geo)
           value[sub_key] = sub_level.to_h
           next
         end
diff --git a/spec/db/migrate/issue_1905_exchange_login_from_remote_id_spec.rb b/spec/db/migrate/issue_1905_exchange_login_from_remote_id_spec.rb
index c1514f6a4..bd156a6a9 100644
--- a/spec/db/migrate/issue_1905_exchange_login_from_remote_id_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/db/migrate/issue_1905_exchange_login_from_remote_id_spec.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RSpec.describe Issue1905ExchangeLoginFromRemoteId, type: :db_migration do
       }
     )
 
-    expect(backend).to receive(:config).and_return(invalid_config)
+    expect(backend).to receive(:config).and_return(invalid_config) # rubocop:disable RSpec/StubbedMock
     allow(backend).to receive(:config).and_call_original
 
     migrate
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ RSpec.describe Issue1905ExchangeLoginFromRemoteId, type: :db_migration do
 
     shared_examples 'irrelevant config' do
       it 'does not change the config' do
-        expect(backend).to receive(:config).and_return(config)
+        allow(backend).to receive(:config).and_return(config)
         expect(backend).not_to receive(:config=)
         migrate
       end
diff --git a/spec/db/migrate/object_manager_attribute_date_remove_future_past_spec.rb b/spec/db/migrate/object_manager_attribute_date_remove_future_past_spec.rb
index c279d6f31..73d96c458 100644
--- a/spec/db/migrate/object_manager_attribute_date_remove_future_past_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/db/migrate/object_manager_attribute_date_remove_future_past_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ RSpec.describe ObjectManagerAttributeDateRemoveFuturePast, type: :db_migration d
 
       # mock interfaces to save time
       # otherwise we would have to reseed the database
-      expect(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:where).and_return([subject])
-      expect(subject).to receive(:save!)
+      allow(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:where).and_return([subject])
+      allow(subject).to receive(:save!)
 
       migrate
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ RSpec.describe ObjectManagerAttributeDateRemoveFuturePast, type: :db_migration d
 
         # mock interfaces to save time
         # otherwise we would have to reseed the database
-        expect(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:where).and_return([subject])
+        allow(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:where).and_return([subject])
         # expect(subject).to receive(:save!)
 
         expect { migrate }.not_to raise_error
diff --git a/spec/jobs/search_index_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/search_index_job_spec.rb
index ee7c1463b..32655b6da 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/search_index_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/search_index_job_spec.rb
@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@ RSpec.describe SearchIndexJob, type: :job do
 
   it 'calls search_index_update_backend on matching record' do
     user = create(:user)
-    expect(::User).to receive(:lookup).with(id: user.id).and_return(user)
-    expect(user).to receive(:search_index_update_backend)
+    allow(::User).to receive(:lookup).with(id: user.id).and_return(user)
+    allow(user).to receive(:search_index_update_backend)
 
     described_class.perform_now('User', user.id)
+    expect(user).to have_received(:search_index_update_backend)
   end
 
   it "doesn't perform for non existing records" do
     id = 9999
-    expect(::User).to receive(:lookup).with(id: id).and_return(nil)
+    allow(::User).to receive(:lookup).with(id: id).and_return(nil)
+    allow(SearchIndexBackend).to receive(:add)
+
     described_class.perform_now('User', id)
+    expect(SearchIndexBackend).not_to have_received(:add)
   end
 
   it 'retries on exception' do
-    expect(::User).to receive(:lookup).and_raise(RuntimeError)
+    allow(::User).to receive(:lookup).and_raise(RuntimeError)
+
     described_class.perform_now('User', 1)
     expect(described_class).to have_been_enqueued
   end
diff --git a/spec/lib/auth/developer_spec.rb b/spec/lib/auth/developer_spec.rb
index 78f21f6df..243cb24dd 100644
--- a/spec/lib/auth/developer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/auth/developer_spec.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::Developer do
     it "authenticates users with password 'test'" do
 
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(true)
 
       result = instance.valid?(user, 'test')
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::Developer do
       it "doesn't authenticate if developer mode is off" do
 
         allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-        expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(false)
+        allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(false)
 
         result = instance.valid?(user, password)
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::Developer do
       it "doesn't authenticate with correct password" do
 
         allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-        expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(true)
+        allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('developer_mode').and_return(true)
 
         result = instance.valid?(user, password)
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/auth/ldap_spec.rb b/spec/lib/auth/ldap_spec.rb
index e02c63db5..f1befcbe7 100644
--- a/spec/lib/auth/ldap_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/auth/ldap_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ RSpec.describe ::Auth::Ldap do
     it 'authenticates users' do
 
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
 
       ldap_user = double(valid?: true)
-      expect(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
+      allow(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
 
       result = instance.valid?(user, password)
       expect(result).to be true
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ RSpec.describe ::Auth::Ldap do
     it 'authenticates via configurable user attributes' do
 
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
 
       instance = described_class.new(
         adapter:          described_class.name,
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ RSpec.describe ::Auth::Ldap do
       )
 
       ldap_user = double
-      expect(ldap_user).to receive(:valid?).with(user.firstname, password).and_return(true)
+      allow(ldap_user).to receive(:valid?).with(user.firstname, password).and_return(true)
 
-      expect(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
+      allow(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
 
       result = instance.valid?(user, password)
       expect(result).to be true
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ RSpec.describe ::Auth::Ldap do
       it "doesn't authenticate if 'ldap_integration' Setting is disabled" do
 
         allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-        expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(false)
+        allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(false)
 
         result = instance.valid?(user, password)
         expect(result).to be false
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ RSpec.describe ::Auth::Ldap do
       it "doesn't authenticate if ldap says 'nope'" do
 
         allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-        expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
+        allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_integration').and_return(true)
 
         ldap_user = double(valid?: false)
-        expect(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
+        allow(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
 
         result = instance.valid?(user, password)
         expect(result).to be false
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/base_factory_examples.rb b/spec/lib/import/base_factory_examples.rb
index a78d6547a..fc5d1bf58 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/base_factory_examples.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/base_factory_examples.rb
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ end
 RSpec.shared_examples 'Import::BaseFactory extender' do
   it 'calls new on determined backend object' do
     record = double()
-    expect(described_class).to receive(:backend_class).and_return(Class)
-    expect(Class).to receive(:new).with(record, any_args)
+    allow(described_class).to receive(:backend_class).and_return(Class)
+    allow(Class).to receive(:new)
+
     described_class.import([record])
+    expect(Class).to have_received(:new).with(record, any_args)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/helper_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/helper_spec.rb
index 1ac356672..8d16e5a5c 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/helper_spec.rb
@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@ RSpec.describe Import::Helper do
   context 'import mode' do
 
     it 'checks if import_mode is active' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(true)
+
       expect( described_class.check_import_mode ).to be true
     end
 
     it 'throws an exception if import_mode is disabled' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(false)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(false)
+
       expect { described_class.check_import_mode }.to raise_error(RuntimeError)
     end
   end
@@ -20,12 +22,14 @@ RSpec.describe Import::Helper do
   context 'system init' do
 
     it 'checks if system_init_done is active' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('system_init_done').and_return(false)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('system_init_done').and_return(false)
+
       expect( described_class.check_system_init_done ).to be true
     end
 
     it 'throws an exception if system_init_done is disabled' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('system_init_done').and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('system_init_done').and_return(true)
+
       expect { described_class.check_system_init_done }.to raise_error(RuntimeError)
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article/attachment_factory_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article/attachment_factory_spec.rb
index ef2ea0c1f..a85657e81 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article/attachment_factory_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article/attachment_factory_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Article::AttachmentFactory do
   end
 
   def article_attachment_expectations(article_attachments)
-    expect(local_article).to receive(:attachments).and_return(article_attachments)
+    allow(local_article).to receive(:attachments).and_return(article_attachments)
   end
 
   it_behaves_like 'Import factory'
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_customer_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_customer_spec.rb
index c1a8e0346..81875adfa 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_customer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_customer_spec.rb
@@ -13,21 +13,24 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::ArticleCustomer do
   let(:start_import_test) { described_class.new(object_structure) }
 
   it 'finds customers by email' do
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(email: 'kunde2@kunde.de').and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(email: 'kunde2@kunde.de').and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:create)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   it 'finds customers by login' do
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(email: 'kunde2@kunde.de')
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(login: 'kunde2@kunde.de').and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(login: 'kunde2@kunde.de').and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:create)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   it 'creates customers' do
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:create).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).at_least(:once)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:create).and_return(existing_object)
     start_import_test
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_spec.rb
index e0d644842..f2e268597 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/article_spec.rb
@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Article do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_spec.rb
index e1709b13e..f3686e479 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_spec.rb
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Customer do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:create).with(zammad_structure).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:create).with(zammad_structure).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Customer do
     end
 
     it 'finds Organizations by OTRS CustomerID' do
-      expect(Import::OTRS::Requester).to receive(:load).and_return(otrs_dummy_response)
-      expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(name: customer_id).and_return(existing_object)
+      allow(Import::OTRS::Requester).to receive(:load).and_return(otrs_dummy_response)
+      allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).with(name: customer_id).and_return(existing_object)
 
       expect(described_class.by_customer_id(customer_id)).to be(existing_object)
     end
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_user_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_user_spec.rb
index 9dd3c44f5..3cb72f86d 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/customer_user_spec.rb
@@ -3,28 +3,30 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::CustomerUser do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect_organization_lookup
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow_organization_lookup
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect_organization_lookup
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow_organization_lookup
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
     # we delete the :role_ids from the zammad_structure to make sure that
     # a) role_ids call returns the initial role_ids
     # b) and update! gets called without them
-    expect(existing_object).to receive(:role_ids).and_return(zammad_structure.delete(:role_ids)).at_least(:once)
+    allow(existing_object).to receive(:role_ids).and_return(zammad_structure.delete(:role_ids)).at_least(:once)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
   end
 
-  def expect_organization_lookup
-    expect(Import::OTRS::Customer).to receive(:by_customer_id).and_return(organization)
-    expect(organization).to receive(:id).and_return(organization_id)
+  def allow_organization_lookup
+    allow(Import::OTRS::Customer).to receive(:by_customer_id).and_return(organization)
+    allow(organization).to receive(:id).and_return(organization_id)
   end
 
   def load_customer_json(file)
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/dynamic_field_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/dynamic_field_spec.rb
index 411f4af37..27135c3c2 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/dynamic_field_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/dynamic_field_spec.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::DynamicField do
   it_behaves_like 'Import::OTRS::DynamicField'
 
   it 'requires an implementation of init_callback' do
-    expect(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:get).and_return(false)
+    allow(ObjectManager::Attribute).to receive(:get).and_return(false)
     expect do
       start_import_test
     end.to raise_error(RuntimeError)
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_factory_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_factory_spec.rb
index d9637b526..7e2d96302 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_factory_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_factory_spec.rb
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::PriorityFactory do
     import_data = {
       name: 'test',
     }
-    expect(::Import::OTRS::Priority).to receive(:new).with(import_data)
+    allow(::Import::OTRS::Priority).to receive(:new)
     described_class.import([import_data])
+
+    expect(::Import::OTRS::Priority).to have_received(:new).with(import_data)
   end
 
   it 'sets default create Priority' do
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::PriorityFactory do
     priority.callback_loop  = true
     priority.save
 
-    expect(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:priority_default_create).and_return(priority.name)
+    allow(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:priority_default_create).and_return(priority.name)
 
     described_class.update_attribute_settings
     priority.reload
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::PriorityFactory do
     priority.callback_loop  = true
     priority.save
 
-    expect(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
+    allow(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
 
     described_class.update_attribute_settings
     priority.reload
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_spec.rb
index 69cf67f85..1edccf8e9 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/priority_spec.rb
@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Priority do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/queue_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/queue_spec.rb
index b873a9d67..99f105f3e 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/queue_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/queue_spec.rb
@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Queue do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/requester_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/requester_spec.rb
index c92b3eaf3..bb6234795 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/requester_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/requester_spec.rb
@@ -19,20 +19,20 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Requester do
       let(:response) do
         response      = double()
         response_body = double()
-        expect(response_body).to receive(:to_s).at_least(:once).and_return('{"Result": {}}')
-        expect(response).to receive('success?').at_least(:once).and_return(true)
-        expect(response).to receive('body').at_least(:once).and_return(response_body)
+        allow(response_body).to receive(:to_s).at_least(:once).and_return('{"Result": {}}')
+        allow(response).to receive('success?').at_least(:once).and_return(true)
+        allow(response).to receive('body').at_least(:once).and_return(response_body)
         response
       end
 
       it 'is active if no args are given' do
-        expect(UserAgent).to receive(:post).and_return(response)
+        allow(UserAgent).to receive(:post).and_return(response)
         described_class.load('Ticket')
         described_class.load('Ticket')
       end
 
       it 'is not active if args are given' do
-        expect(UserAgent).to receive(:post).twice.and_return(response)
+        allow(UserAgent).to receive(:post).twice.and_return(response)
         described_class.load('Ticket', offset: 10)
         described_class.load('Ticket', offset: 20)
       end
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_factory_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_factory_spec.rb
index 2bf2806a4..eab0c374d 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_factory_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_factory_spec.rb
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::StateFactory do
       name:   'pending_time',
     )
 
-    expect(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
+    allow(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
 
     expect do
       described_class.update_attribute_settings
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::StateFactory do
     state.callback_loop     = true
     state.save
 
-    expect(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:state_default_create).and_return(state.name)
-    expect(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:state_default_follow_up).and_return(state.name)
+    allow(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:state_default_create).and_return(state.name)
+    allow(Import::OTRS::SysConfigFactory).to receive(:postmaster_default_lookup).with(:state_default_follow_up).and_return(state.name)
 
     described_class.update_attribute
     state.reload
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::StateFactory do
     state.callback_loop     = true
     state.save
 
-    expect(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
+    allow(Import::OTRS).to receive(:diff?).and_return(true)
 
     described_class.update_attribute_settings
     state.reload
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_spec.rb
index 1cd62546d..f77225025 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/state_spec.rb
@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::State do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(nil)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(nil)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/ticket_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/ticket_spec.rb
index 991c9fda5..16ec2b47f 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/ticket_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/ticket_spec.rb
@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::Ticket do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
-    expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
+
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
   end
diff --git a/spec/lib/import/otrs/user_spec.rb b/spec/lib/import/otrs/user_spec.rb
index e56bc53e2..b0f860f02 100644
--- a/spec/lib/import/otrs/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/import/otrs/user_spec.rb
@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::User do
 
   def creates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(nil)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(nil)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:new).with(zammad_structure).and_call_original
+
     expect_any_instance_of(import_object).to receive(:save)
     expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:reset_primary_key_sequence)
     start_import_test
   end
 
   def updates_with(zammad_structure)
-    expect(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
+    allow(import_object).to receive(:find_by).and_return(existing_object)
     # we delete the :role_ids from the zammad_structure to make sure that
     # a) role_ids call returns the initial role_ids
     # b) and update! gets called without them
-    expect(existing_object).to receive(:role_ids).and_return(zammad_structure.delete(:role_ids))
+    allow(existing_object).to receive(:role_ids).and_return(zammad_structure.delete(:role_ids))
+
     expect(existing_object).to receive(:update!).with(zammad_structure)
     expect(import_object).not_to receive(:new)
     start_import_test
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ RSpec.describe Import::OTRS::User do
   end
 
   def user_expectations
-    expect(User).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+    allow(User).to receive(:where).and_return([])
   end
 
   # this is really bad and should get improved!
diff --git a/spec/lib/ldap/group_spec.rb b/spec/lib/ldap/group_spec.rb
index a91aced89..f9c3302c2 100644
--- a/spec/lib/ldap/group_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/ldap/group_spec.rb
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::Group do
 
       it 'returns a Hash of groups' do
         ldap_entry = build(:ldap_entry)
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_return(ldap_entry)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_return(ldap_entry)
         expect(instance.list).to be_a(Hash)
       end
     end
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::Group do
       end
 
       it 'tries filters and returns first one with entries' do
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
         expect(instance.filter).to be_a(String)
       end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/ldap/guid_spec.rb b/spec/lib/ldap/guid_spec.rb
index 415dc27bd..0c413ac1b 100644
--- a/spec/lib/ldap/guid_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/ldap/guid_spec.rb
@@ -28,12 +28,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::Guid do
     end
 
     it 'tunnels to instance method' do
-
       instance = double()
-      expect(instance).to receive(:hex)
-      expect(described_class).to receive(:new).with(string).and_return(instance)
+      allow(instance).to receive(:hex)
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:new).with(string).and_return(instance)
 
       described_class.hex(string)
+
+      expect(instance).to have_received(:hex)
     end
   end
 
@@ -46,10 +47,11 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::Guid do
     it 'tunnels to instance method' do
 
       instance = double()
-      expect(instance).to receive(:string)
-      expect(described_class).to receive(:new).with(hex).and_return(instance)
+      allow(instance).to receive(:string)
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:new).with(hex).and_return(instance)
 
       described_class.string(hex)
+      expect(instance).to have_received(:string)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/ldap/user_spec.rb b/spec/lib/ldap/user_spec.rb
index 5889e7c7d..ad9deef6f 100644
--- a/spec/lib/ldap/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/ldap/user_spec.rb
@@ -94,24 +94,24 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::User do
 
       it 'validates username and password' do
         connection = double()
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:connection).and_return(connection)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:connection).and_return(connection)
 
         build(:ldap_entry)
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:base_dn)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:bind_as).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:base_dn)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:bind_as).and_return(true)
 
         expect(instance.valid?('example_username', 'password')).to be true
       end
 
       it 'fails for invalid credentials' do
         connection = double()
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:connection).and_return(connection)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:connection).and_return(connection)
 
         build(:ldap_entry)
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:base_dn)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:bind_as).and_return(false)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:base_dn)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:bind_as).and_return(false)
 
         expect(instance.valid?('example_username', 'wrong_password')).to be false
       end
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::User do
         # blacklisted attribute
         ldap_entry['lastlogon'] = DateTime.current
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_yield(ldap_entry)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_yield(ldap_entry)
 
         attributes = instance.attributes
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::User do
       end
 
       it 'tries filters and returns first one with entries' do
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
         expect(instance.filter).to be_a(String)
       end
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap::User do
         # selectable attribute
         ldap_entry['objectguid'] = 'f742b361-32c6-4a92-baaa-eaae7df657ee'
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_yield(ldap_entry)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).and_yield(ldap_entry)
 
         expect(instance.uid_attribute).to be_a(String)
       end
diff --git a/spec/lib/ldap_spec.rb b/spec/lib/ldap_spec.rb
index 4a2c01b62..38936ad9d 100644
--- a/spec/lib/ldap_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/ldap_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
     let(:mocked_ldap) { double(bind: true) }
 
     def mock_initialization(given:, expected:)
-      expect(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).with(expected).and_return(mocked_ldap)
+      allow(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).with(expected).and_return(mocked_ldap)
       described_class.new(given)
     end
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
           port: 1337,
         }
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
 
         mock_initialization(
           given:    config,
@@ -64,12 +64,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
           port: 1337,
         }
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).not_to receive(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:auth)
 
         mock_initialization(
           given:    config,
           expected: params,
         )
+        expect(mocked_ldap).not_to have_received(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
       end
 
       it 'requires bind_pw' do
@@ -85,12 +86,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
           port: 1337,
         }
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).not_to receive(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:auth)
 
         mock_initialization(
           given:    config,
           expected: params,
         )
+        expect(mocked_ldap).not_to have_received(:auth).with(config[:bind_user], config[:bind_pw])
       end
     end
 
@@ -191,7 +193,8 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
         port: 1337,
       }
 
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_config').and_return(config)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('ldap_config').and_return(config)
 
       mock_initialization(
         given:    nil,
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
     # as return param of Net::LDAP.new
     let(:mocked_ldap) { double(bind: true) }
     let(:instance) do
-      expect(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).and_return(mocked_ldap)
+      allow(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).and_return(mocked_ldap)
       described_class.new(
         host: 'localhost',
         port: 1337,
@@ -221,12 +224,11 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
       end
 
       it 'returns preferences' do
-
         attributes = {
           namingcontexts: ['ou=dep1,ou=org', 'ou=dep2,ou=org']
         }
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search_root_dse).and_return(attributes)
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search_root_dse).and_return(attributes)
         expect(instance.preferences).to eq(attributes)
       end
     end
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
         }
 
         yield_entry = build(:ldap_entry)
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
 
         check_entry = nil
         instance.search(filter, additional) { |entry| check_entry = entry }
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
         }
 
         yield_entry = build(:ldap_entry)
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
 
         check_entry = nil
         instance.search(filter, additional) { |entry| check_entry = entry }
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
           scope:  Net::LDAP::SearchScope_WholeSubtree,
         }
 
-        expect(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).and_return(mocked_ldap)
+        allow(Net::LDAP).to receive(:new).and_return(mocked_ldap)
         instance = described_class.new(
           host:    'localhost',
           port:    1337,
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
         )
 
         yield_entry = build(:ldap_entry)
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(expected)).and_yield(yield_entry).and_return(true)
 
         check_entry = nil
         instance.search(filter) { |entry| check_entry = entry }
@@ -316,22 +318,20 @@ RSpec.describe Ldap do
       end
 
       it 'returns true if entries are present' do
-
         params = {
           filter: filter
         }
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(params)).and_yield(build(:ldap_entry)).and_return(nil)
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(params)).and_yield(build(:ldap_entry)).and_return(nil)
         expect(instance.entries?(filter)).to be true
       end
 
       it 'returns false if no entries are present' do
-
         params = {
           filter: filter
         }
+        allow(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(params)).and_return(true)
 
-        expect(mocked_ldap).to receive(:search).with(include(params)).and_return(true)
         expect(instance.entries?(filter)).to be false
       end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/migration_job/ldap_samaccountname_to_uid_spec.rb b/spec/lib/migration_job/ldap_samaccountname_to_uid_spec.rb
index 9c91ff20a..b4b1075a6 100644
--- a/spec/lib/migration_job/ldap_samaccountname_to_uid_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/migration_job/ldap_samaccountname_to_uid_spec.rb
@@ -3,27 +3,29 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe MigrationJob::LdapSamaccountnameToUid do
 
   it 'performs no changes if no LDAP config present' do
-    expect(Setting).not_to receive(:set)
-    expect(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(nil)
+    allow(Setting).to receive(:set)
+    allow(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(nil)
 
     described_class.new.perform
+    expect(Setting).not_to have_received(:set)
   end
 
   it 'performs no changes if uid attributes equals' do
-    expect(Setting).not_to receive(:set)
+    allow(Setting).to receive(:set)
 
     ldap_config = {
       'user_uid' => 'samaccountname'
     }
-    expect(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(ldap_config)
+    allow(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(ldap_config)
 
     ldap_user = double()
-    expect(ldap_user).to receive(:uid_attribute).and_return('samaccountname')
-    expect(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
+    allow(ldap_user).to receive(:uid_attribute).and_return('samaccountname')
+    allow(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
 
     allow(::Ldap).to receive(:new)
 
     described_class.new.perform
+    expect(Setting).not_to have_received(:set)
   end
 
   it 'performs Setting change if uid attribute differ' do
@@ -34,16 +36,18 @@ RSpec.describe MigrationJob::LdapSamaccountnameToUid do
       'user_uid' => 'samaccountname'
     }
 
-    expect(Setting).to receive(:set).with('ldap_config', ldap_config_new)
+    allow(Setting).to receive(:set)
 
-    expect(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(ldap_config_obsolete)
+    allow(Import::Ldap).to receive(:config).and_return(ldap_config_obsolete)
 
     ldap_user = double()
-    expect(ldap_user).to receive(:uid_attribute).and_return('objectguid')
-    expect(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
+    allow(ldap_user).to receive(:uid_attribute).and_return('objectguid')
+    allow(::Ldap::User).to receive(:new).and_return(ldap_user)
 
     allow(::Ldap).to receive(:new)
 
     described_class.new.perform
+
+    expect(Setting).to have_received(:set).with('ldap_config', ldap_config_new)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/sequencer/sequence/import/ldap/users_spec.rb b/spec/lib/sequencer/sequence/import/ldap/users_spec.rb
index 0ded1b0d8..cf6e8c048 100644
--- a/spec/lib/sequencer/sequence/import/ldap/users_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/sequencer/sequence/import/ldap/users_spec.rb
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ RSpec.describe ::Sequencer::Sequence::Import::Ldap::Users, sequencer: :sequence
         )
 
         # LDAP::Group
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
 
         # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::Total
-        expect(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
 
         # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::SubSequence
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
 
         expect do
           process(
@@ -70,15 +70,8 @@ RSpec.describe ::Sequencer::Sequence::Import::Ldap::Users, sequencer: :sequence
         group_entry['member'] = ['some.other.dn']
 
         # LDAP::Group
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
-
-        # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::Total
-        # cached
-        # expect(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
-
-        # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::SubSequence
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
 
         expect do
           process(
@@ -129,15 +122,12 @@ RSpec.describe ::Sequencer::Sequence::Import::Ldap::Users, sequencer: :sequence
           base_dn: 'test'
         )
 
-        # LDAP::Group
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
+        # LDAP::Group and Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::SubSequence
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry).and_yield(user_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
 
         # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::Total
-        expect(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
-
-        # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::SubSequence
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
 
         expect do
           process(
@@ -160,15 +150,15 @@ RSpec.describe ::Sequencer::Sequence::Import::Ldap::Users, sequencer: :sequence
         group_entry['member'] = ['some.other.dn']
 
         # LDAP::Group
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
-        expect(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(group_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:entries?).and_return(true)
 
         # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::Total
         # cached
         # expect(connection).to receive(:count).and_return(1)
 
         # Sequencer::Unit::Import::Ldap::Users::SubSequence
-        expect(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
+        allow(connection).to receive(:search).and_yield(user_entry)
 
         expect do
           process(
diff --git a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/common/attribute_mapper_spec.rb b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/common/attribute_mapper_spec.rb
index ad608a476..020831f3e 100644
--- a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/common/attribute_mapper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/common/attribute_mapper_spec.rb
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Common::AttributeMapper, sequencer: :unit do
   end
 
   it 'declares uses from map keys' do
-    expect(described_class).to receive(:map).and_return(map)
+    allow(described_class).to receive(:map).and_return(map)
     expect(described_class.uses).to eq(map.keys)
   end
 
   it 'declares provides from map values' do
-    expect(described_class).to receive(:map).and_return(map)
+    allow(described_class).to receive(:map).and_return(map)
     expect(described_class.provides).to eq(map.values)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/mapping/flat_keys_spec.rb b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/mapping/flat_keys_spec.rb
index 0ce2aacd2..c9bbb1a32 100644
--- a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/mapping/flat_keys_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/mapping/flat_keys_spec.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::Mapping::FlatKeys, sequencer: :u
     }
 
     provided = process(parameters) do |instance|
-      expect(instance).to receive(:mapping).and_return(mapping)
+      allow(instance).to receive(:mapping).and_return(mapping)
     end
 
     expect(provided).to eq(
diff --git a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/model/attributes/remote_id_spec.rb b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/model/attributes/remote_id_spec.rb
index 130165da8..2e8f14d34 100644
--- a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/model/attributes/remote_id_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/model/attributes/remote_id_spec.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::Model::Attributes::RemoteId, seq
     }
 
     provided = process(parameters) do |instance|
-      expect(instance).to receive(:attribute).and_return(:other_attribute)
+      allow(instance).to receive(:attribute).and_return(:other_attribute)
     end
 
     expect(provided).to include(remote_id: '123abc')
diff --git a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/object_attribute/sanitized_name_spec.rb b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/object_attribute/sanitized_name_spec.rb
index d471fb53d..4fc7cba27 100644
--- a/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/object_attribute/sanitized_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/sequencer/unit/import/common/object_attribute/sanitized_name_spec.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::ObjectAttribute::SanitizedName,
 
     it 'replaces whitespaces' do
       provided = process do |instance|
-        expect(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('model name')
+        allow(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('model name')
       end
 
       expect(provided[:sanitized_name]).to eq('model_name')
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::ObjectAttribute::SanitizedName,
 
     it 'replaces dashes' do
       provided = process do |instance|
-        expect(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('model-name')
+        allow(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('model-name')
       end
 
       expect(provided[:sanitized_name]).to eq('model_name')
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::ObjectAttribute::SanitizedName,
 
     it 'replaces ids suffix' do
       provided = process do |instance|
-        expect(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Model Ids')
+        allow(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Model Ids')
       end
 
       expect(provided[:sanitized_name]).to eq('model_nos')
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::ObjectAttribute::SanitizedName,
 
     it 'replaces id suffix' do
       provided = process do |instance|
-        expect(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Model Id')
+        allow(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Model Id')
       end
 
       expect(provided[:sanitized_name]).to eq('model_no')
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ RSpec.describe Sequencer::Unit::Import::Common::ObjectAttribute::SanitizedName,
 
     it 'replaces non-ASCII characters' do
       provided = process do |instance|
-        expect(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Ærøskøbing Ät Mödél')
+        allow(instance).to receive(:unsanitized_name).and_return('Ærøskøbing Ät Mödél')
       end
 
       expect(provided[:sanitized_name]).to eq('a_eroskobing_at_model')
diff --git a/spec/models/import_job_spec.rb b/spec/models/import_job_spec.rb
index f1a7cf8c6..2b14f7378 100644
--- a/spec/models/import_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/import_job_spec.rb
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
 
     it 'queues registered import jobs' do
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
 
       expect do
         described_class.queue_registered
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
 
     it "doesn't queue if backend isn't #queueable?" do
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
-      expect(test_backend_class).to receive(:queueable?).and_return(false)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
+      allow(test_backend_class).to receive(:queueable?).and_return(false)
 
       expect do
         described_class.queue_registered
@@ -100,11 +100,10 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
     end
 
     it "doesn't queue if unfinished job entries exist" do
-
       create(:import_job)
 
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
 
       expect do
         described_class.queue_registered
@@ -115,9 +114,11 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
 
     it 'logs errors for invalid registered backends' do
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['InvalidBackend'])
-      expect(described_class.logger).to receive(:error)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['InvalidBackend'])
+
+      allow(described_class.logger).to receive(:error)
       described_class.queue_registered
+      expect(described_class.logger).to have_received(:error)
     end
 
   end
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
   describe '#start_registered' do
     it 'queues and starts registered import backends' do
       allow(Setting).to receive(:get)
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return([test_backend_name])
 
       expect do
         described_class.start_registered
@@ -173,8 +174,8 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
   describe '#backends' do
 
     it 'returns list of backend namespaces' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::Ldap'])
-      expect(Import::Ldap).to receive(:active?).and_return(true)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::Ldap'])
+      allow(Import::Ldap).to receive(:active?).and_return(true)
 
       backends = described_class.backends
 
@@ -183,18 +184,21 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
     end
 
     it 'returns blank array if none are found' do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends')
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends')
+
       expect(described_class.backends).to eq([])
     end
 
     it "doesn't return invalid backends" do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::InvalidBackend'])
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::InvalidBackend'])
+
       expect(described_class.backends).to eq([])
     end
 
     it "doesn't return inactive backends" do
-      expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::Ldap'])
-      expect(Import::Ldap).to receive(:active?).and_return(false)
+      allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_backends').and_return(['Import::Ldap'])
+      allow(Import::Ldap).to receive(:active?).and_return(false)
+
       expect(described_class.backends).to eq([])
     end
   end
@@ -221,7 +225,7 @@ RSpec.describe ImportJob do
       instance = create(:import_job)
 
       error_message = 'Some horrible error'
-      expect_any_instance_of(test_backend_class).to receive(:start).and_raise(error_message)
+      allow_any_instance_of(test_backend_class).to receive(:start).and_raise(error_message)
 
       expect do
         instance.start
diff --git a/spec/models/object_manager/attribute/validation_spec.rb b/spec/models/object_manager/attribute/validation_spec.rb
index 9368a2f9e..42f2b02ce 100644
--- a/spec/models/object_manager/attribute/validation_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/object_manager/attribute/validation_spec.rb
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ RSpec.describe ObjectManager::Attribute::Validation, application_handle: 'applic
       end
 
       it 'is skipped because of import_mode is active' do
-        expect(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(true)
+        allow(Setting).to receive(:get).with('import_mode').and_return(true)
         subject.validate(record)
         expect(backend).not_to have_received(:validate)
       end
diff --git a/spec/models/scheduler_spec.rb b/spec/models/scheduler_spec.rb
index e0b9a03ef..d85740a83 100644
--- a/spec/models/scheduler_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/scheduler_spec.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ RSpec.describe Scheduler do
   describe '.cleanup' do
 
     it 'gets called by .threads' do
-      expect(described_class).to receive(:cleanup).and_throw(:called)
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:cleanup).and_throw(:called)
       expect do
         described_class.threads
       end.to throw_symbol(:called)
diff --git a/spec/requests/integration/placetel_spec.rb b/spec/requests/integration/placetel_spec.rb
index 0697f66e9..9f9a2f14e 100644
--- a/spec/requests/integration/placetel_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/integration/placetel_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
-# rubocop:disable Style/CombinableLoops
-
 RSpec.describe 'Integration Placetel', type: :request do
 
   let(:agent) do
@@ -618,5 +616,3 @@ RSpec.describe 'Integration Placetel', type: :request do
     end
   end
 end
-
-# rubocop:enable Style/CombinableLoops
diff --git a/spec/requests/integration/sipgate_spec.rb b/spec/requests/integration/sipgate_spec.rb
index 98013065e..6a8f9cb52 100644
--- a/spec/requests/integration/sipgate_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/integration/sipgate_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
-# rubocop:disable Style/CombinableLoops
-
 RSpec.describe 'Integration Sipgate', type: :request do
 
   let(:agent) do
@@ -490,5 +488,3 @@ RSpec.describe 'Integration Sipgate', type: :request do
     end
   end
 end
-
-# rubocop:enable Style/CombinableLoops
diff --git a/spec/system/system/translations_spec.rb b/spec/system/system/translations_spec.rb
index 5f9ac1c63..afa80a852 100644
--- a/spec/system/system/translations_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/system/system/translations_spec.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ RSpec.describe 'System > Translations', type: :system do
   it 'when clicking "Get latest translations" fetches all translations' do
     visit 'system/translation'
 
-    expect(Translation).to receive(:load).with('de-de').and_return(true)
-    expect(Translation).to receive(:load).with('en-us').and_return(true)
+    allow(Translation).to receive(:load).with('de-de').and_return(true)
+    allow(Translation).to receive(:load).with('en-us').and_return(true)
 
     click '.js-syncChanges'
 
diff --git a/test/browser_test_helper.rb b/test/browser_test_helper.rb
index ae05150f9..5fffed85e 100644
--- a/test/browser_test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/browser_test_helper.rb
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ class TestCase < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     if params[:css]
       element = instance.find_elements(css: params[:css])[0]
     end
-    if params[:value].class == Array
+    if params[:value].instance_of?(Array)
       params[:value].each do |key|
         if element
           element.send_keys(key)