diff --git a/spec/factories/history.rb b/spec/factories/history.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e91be58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/history.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :history do
+    association :history_type, factory: :'history/type'
+    association :history_object, factory: :'history/object'
+    o_id { history_object.name.constantize.pluck(:id).sample }
+    created_by_id { 1 }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/history/object.rb b/spec/factories/history/object.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64f56cc67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/history/object.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :'history/object', aliases: %i[history_object] do
+    name { (ApplicationModel.descendants.select(&:any?).map(&:name) - History::Object.pluck(:name)).sample }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/history/type.rb b/spec/factories/history/type.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92aadf8a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/history/type.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :'history/type', aliases: %i[history_type] do
+    name { Faker::Verb.past_participle }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/ticket/article.rb b/spec/factories/ticket/article.rb
index e2cf23e70..35b4fc683 100644
--- a/spec/factories/ticket/article.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/ticket/article.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
-  factory :ticket_article, class: Ticket::Article do
+  factory :'ticket/article', aliases: %i[ticket_article] do
     transient do
       type_name 'email'
       sender_name 'Customer'
diff --git a/spec/factories/ticket/state.rb b/spec/factories/ticket/state.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40841268f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/ticket/state.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :'ticket/state', aliases: %i[ticket_state] do
+    name { Faker::Verb.past_participle }
+    association :state_type, factory: :'ticket/state_type'
+    updated_by_id { 1 }
+    created_by_id { 1 }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/ticket/state_type.rb b/spec/factories/ticket/state_type.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8903bd783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/ticket/state_type.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :'ticket/state_type', aliases: %i[ticket_state_type] do
+    name { Faker::Verb.past_participle }
+    updated_by_id { 1 }
+    created_by_id { 1 }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/application_model/checks_import_examples.rb b/spec/models/application_model/checks_import_examples.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb374a826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/application_model/checks_import_examples.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+RSpec.shared_examples 'ApplicationModel::ChecksImport' do |importable: false|
+  subject(:new_instance) { build(described_class.name.underscore, id: unused_id) }
+  let(:unused_id) { described_class.pluck(:id).max * 2 }
+
+  context 'when Setting.get("system_init_done") is true AND Setting.get("import_mode") is false' do
+    before { Setting.set('system_init_done', true) }
+    before { Setting.set('import_mode', false) }
+
+    it 'prevents explicit setting of #id attribute' do
+      expect { new_instance.save }.to change { new_instance.id }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when Setting.get("system_init_done") is false' do
+    before { Setting.set('system_init_done', false) }
+
+    it 'allows explicit setting of #id attribute' do
+      expect { new_instance.save }.not_to change { new_instance.id }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when Setting.get("import_mode") is true' do
+    before { Setting.set('import_mode', true) }
+
+    shared_examples 'importable classes' do
+      it 'allows explicit setting of #id attribute' do
+        expect { new_instance.save }.not_to change { new_instance.id }
+      end
+    end
+
+    shared_examples 'non-importable classes' do
+      it 'prevents explicit setting of #id attribute' do
+        expect { new_instance.save }.to change { new_instance.id }
+      end
+    end
+
+    include_examples importable ? 'importable classes' : 'non-importable classes'
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/application_model_examples.rb b/spec/models/application_model_examples.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc4ffc0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/application_model_examples.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+require 'models/application_model/checks_import_examples'
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'ApplicationModel' do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel::ChecksImport',
+                   importable: described_class.name.in?(
+                     %w[Group
+                        History
+                        Role
+                        Ticket
+                        Ticket::Article
+                        Ticket::Priority
+                        Ticket::State
+                        Ticket::StateType
+                        User]
+                   )
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/group_spec.rb b/spec/models/group_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68778ad41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/group_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
+
+RSpec.describe Group, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/history_spec.rb b/spec/models/history_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..324550e6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/history_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
+
+RSpec.describe History, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/role_spec.rb b/spec/models/role_spec.rb
index 492725e9c..eb7ebf29d 100644
--- a/spec/models/role_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/role_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/has_groups_examples'
 
 RSpec.describe Role do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
   include_examples 'HasGroups', group_access_factory: :role
+
   subject(:role) { create(:role) }
 
   describe 'Default state' do
diff --git a/spec/models/ticket/article_spec.rb b/spec/models/ticket/article_spec.rb
index 15254f0cf..fb1fa655a 100644
--- a/spec/models/ticket/article_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ticket/article_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
+
+RSpec.describe Ticket::Article, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
 
-RSpec.describe Ticket::Article do
   describe '.create' do
     it 'handles NULL byte in subject or body' do
       expect(create(:ticket_article, subject: "com test 1\u0000", body: "some\u0000message 123"))
diff --git a/spec/models/ticket/priority_spec.rb b/spec/models/ticket/priority_spec.rb
index d662ce4dc..677dcac02 100644
--- a/spec/models/ticket/priority_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ticket/priority_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 
 RSpec.describe Ticket::Priority, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
+
   describe 'Default state' do
     describe 'of whole table:' do
       it 'has exactly one default record' do
diff --git a/spec/models/ticket/state_spec.rb b/spec/models/ticket/state_spec.rb
index 6e802e8ff..b618818b3 100644
--- a/spec/models/ticket/state_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ticket/state_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 
-RSpec.describe Ticket::State do
-
-  context '.by_category' do
+RSpec.describe Ticket::State, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
 
+  describe '.by_category' do
     it 'looks up states by category' do
-      result = described_class.by_category(:open)
-      expect(result).to be_an(ActiveRecord::Relation)
-      expect(result).to_not be_empty
-      expect(result.first).to be_a(Ticket::State)
+      expect(described_class.by_category(:open))
+        .to be_an(ActiveRecord::Relation)
+        .and include(instance_of(Ticket::State))
     end
 
-    it 'raises RuntimeError for invalid category' do
-      expect { described_class.by_category(:invalidcategoryname) }.to raise_error(RuntimeError)
+    context 'with invalid category name' do
+      it 'raises RuntimeError' do
+        expect { described_class.by_category(:invalidcategoryname) }
+          .to raise_error(RuntimeError)
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/ticket/state_type_spec.rb b/spec/models/ticket/state_type_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6130131fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/ticket/state_type_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
+
+RSpec.describe Ticket::StateType, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/ticket_spec.rb b/spec/models/ticket_spec.rb
index 06f0beb2d..2d5899d04 100644
--- a/spec/models/ticket_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ticket_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/can_lookup_examples'
 
-RSpec.describe Ticket do
+RSpec.describe Ticket, type: :model do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
   include_examples 'CanLookup'
 
   describe '#merge_to' do
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index e82221753..3597a4ac5 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/has_groups_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/has_roles_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/has_groups_permissions_examples'
 require 'models/concerns/can_lookup_examples'
 
 RSpec.describe User do
+  include_examples 'ApplicationModel'
   include_examples 'HasGroups', group_access_factory: :agent_user
   include_examples 'HasRoles', group_access_factory: :agent_user
   include_examples 'HasGroups and Permissions', group_access_no_permission_factory: :user