From 6a41d0ee18b1e2e778b7bfc5fb693299214ef33a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thorsten Eckel <te@znuny.com>
Date: Thu, 7 May 2015 12:15:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Corrected with rubocop cop 'Rails/FindBy'.

---
 .rubocop.yml                          |  4 ----
 app/models/application_model.rb       |  4 ++--
 app/models/authorization.rb           |  2 +-
 app/models/avatar.rb                  | 16 +++++++--------
 app/models/channel/email_parser.rb    | 16 +++++++--------
 app/models/channel/email_send.rb      |  2 +-
 app/models/channel/twitter2.rb        | 28 +++++++++++++--------------
 app/models/history.rb                 |  4 ++--
 app/models/link.rb                    |  4 ++--
 app/models/locale.rb                  |  2 +-
 app/models/object_manager.rb          |  8 ++++----
 app/models/observer/user/geo.rb       |  2 +-
 app/models/package.rb                 | 18 ++++++++---------
 app/models/scheduler.rb               |  2 +-
 app/models/setting.rb                 |  2 +-
 app/models/store.rb                   |  4 ++--
 app/models/store/file.rb              |  4 ++--
 app/models/store/provider/db.rb       |  2 +-
 app/models/tag.rb                     |  4 ++--
 app/models/ticket.rb                  |  2 +-
 app/models/ticket/number.rb           |  2 +-
 app/models/ticket/number/date.rb      |  4 ++--
 app/models/ticket/number/increment.rb |  4 ++--
 app/models/ticket/screen_options.rb   |  2 +-
 app/models/token.rb                   |  2 +-
 app/models/user.rb                    | 12 ++++++------
 26 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.rubocop.yml b/.rubocop.yml
index 54a14b13e..f8f0069ea 100644
--- a/.rubocop.yml
+++ b/.rubocop.yml
@@ -182,10 +182,6 @@ Rails/ActionFilter:
   Description: 'Enforces consistent use of action filter methods.'
   Enabled: false
 
-Rails/FindBy:
-  Description: 'Prefer find_by over where.first.'
-  Enabled: false
-
 Style/SymbolProc:
   Description: 'Use symbols as procs instead of blocks when possible.'
   Enabled: false
diff --git a/app/models/application_model.rb b/app/models/application_model.rb
index 06e23506c..2db5906d8 100644
--- a/app/models/application_model.rb
+++ b/app/models/application_model.rb
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ returns
       cache = self.cache_get( data[:id] )
       return cache if cache
 
-      record = self.where( id: data[:id] ).first
+      record = self.find_by( id: data[:id] )
       self.cache_set( data[:id], record )
       return record
     elsif data[:name]
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ returns
 
   def self.create_if_not_exists(data)
     if data[:id]
-      record = self.where( id: data[:id] ).first
+      record = self.find_by( id: data[:id] )
       return record if record
     elsif data[:name]
       records = self.where( name: data[:name] )
diff --git a/app/models/authorization.rb b/app/models/authorization.rb
index 53c5e13a2..2206df77d 100644
--- a/app/models/authorization.rb
+++ b/app/models/authorization.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Authorization < ApplicationModel
   validates     :provider, presence: true
 
   def self.find_from_hash(hash)
-    auth = Authorization.where( provider: hash['provider'], uid: hash['uid'] ).first
+    auth = Authorization.find_by( provider: hash['provider'], uid: hash['uid'] )
     if auth
 
       # update auth tokens
diff --git a/app/models/avatar.rb b/app/models/avatar.rb
index 2b6287205..a95cb0609 100644
--- a/app/models/avatar.rb
+++ b/app/models/avatar.rb
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ add a avatar
     # check if avatar with url already exists
     avatar_already_exists = nil
     if data[:source] && !data[:source].empty?
-      avatar_already_exists = Avatar.where(
+      avatar_already_exists = Avatar.find_by(
         object_lookup_id: object_id,
         o_id: data[:o_id],
         source: data[:source],
-      ).first
+      )
     end
 
     # fetch image
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ set avatars as default
 
   def self.set_default( object_name, o_id, avatar_id )
     object_id = ObjectLookup.by_name( object_name )
-    avatar = Avatar.where(
+    avatar = Avatar.find_by(
       object_lookup_id: object_id,
       o_id: o_id,
       id: avatar_id,
-    ).first
+    )
     avatar.default = true
     avatar.save!
 
@@ -308,9 +308,9 @@ returns:
 =end
 
   def self.get_by_hash(hash)
-    avatar = Avatar.where(
+    avatar = Avatar.find_by(
       store_hash: hash,
-    ).first
+    )
     return if !avatar
     file = Store.find(avatar.store_resize_id)
   end
@@ -329,11 +329,11 @@ returns:
 
   def self.get_default(object_name, o_id)
     object_id = ObjectLookup.by_name( object_name )
-    Avatar.where(
+    Avatar.find_by(
       object_lookup_id: object_id,
       o_id: o_id,
       default: true,
-    ).first
+    )
   end
 
   def self.set_default_items(object_id, o_id, avatar_id)
diff --git a/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb b/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
index a4869fff7..1d782241b 100644
--- a/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
+++ b/app/models/channel/email_parser.rb
@@ -360,10 +360,10 @@ class Channel::EmailParser
 
       # create sender
       if mail[ 'x-zammad-customer-login'.to_sym ]
-        user = User.where( login: mail[ 'x-zammad-customer-login'.to_sym ] ).first
+        user = User.find_by( login: mail[ 'x-zammad-customer-login'.to_sym ] )
       end
       if !user
-        user = User.where( email: mail[ 'x-zammad-customer-email'.to_sym ] || mail[:from_email] ).first
+        user = User.find_by( email: mail[ 'x-zammad-customer-email'.to_sym ] || mail[:from_email] )
       end
       if !user
         user = user_create(
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class Channel::EmailParser
         end
 
         if state_type.name != 'new'
-          ticket.state = Ticket::State.where( name: 'open' ).first
+          ticket.state = Ticket::State.find_by( name: 'open' )
           ticket.save
         end
       end
@@ -420,8 +420,8 @@ class Channel::EmailParser
           group_id: channel[:group_id] || 1,
           customer_id: user.id,
           title: mail[:subject] || '',
-          state_id: Ticket::State.where( name: 'new' ).first.id,
-          priority_id: Ticket::Priority.where( name: '2 normal' ).first.id,
+          state_id: Ticket::State.find_by( name: 'new' ).id,
+          priority_id: Ticket::Priority.find_by( name: '2 normal' ).id,
         )
 
         set_attributes_by_x_headers( ticket, 'ticket', mail )
@@ -435,8 +435,8 @@ class Channel::EmailParser
       # set attributes
       article = Ticket::Article.new(
         ticket_id: ticket.id,
-        type_id: Ticket::Article::Type.where( name: 'email' ).first.id,
-        sender_id: Ticket::Article::Sender.where( name: 'Customer' ).first.id,
+        type_id: Ticket::Article::Type.find_by( name: 'email' ).id,
+        sender_id: Ticket::Article::Sender.find_by( name: 'Customer' ).id,
         body: mail[:body],
         from: mail[:from],
         to: mail[:to],
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ class Channel::EmailParser
   def user_create(data)
 
     # return existing
-    user = User.where( login: data[:email].downcase ).first
+    user = User.find_by( login: data[:email].downcase )
     return user if user
 
     # create new user
diff --git a/app/models/channel/email_send.rb b/app/models/channel/email_send.rb
index 54fc83654..38acfd626 100644
--- a/app/models/channel/email_send.rb
+++ b/app/models/channel/email_send.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'net/imap'
 
 module Channel::EmailSend
   def self.send(attr, notification = false)
-    channel = Channel.where( area: 'Email::Outbound', active: true ).first
+    channel = Channel.find_by( area: 'Email::Outbound', active: true )
     begin
       c = eval 'Channel::' + channel[:adapter] + '.new'
       c.send(attr, channel, notification)
diff --git a/app/models/channel/twitter2.rb b/app/models/channel/twitter2.rb
index ca4c62860..cb71db0d1 100644
--- a/app/models/channel/twitter2.rb
+++ b/app/models/channel/twitter2.rb
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
     all_tweets.each do |tweet|
 
       # check if tweet is already imported
-      article = Ticket::Article.where( message_id: tweet.id.to_s ).first
+      article = Ticket::Article.find_by( message_id: tweet.id.to_s )
 
       # check if sender already exists
       next if article
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
     # create sender in db
     #    puts tweet.inspect
     #    user = User.where( :login => tweet.sender.screen_name ).first
-    auth = Authorization.where( uid: sender.id, provider: 'twitter' ).first
+    auth = Authorization.find_by( uid: sender.id, provider: 'twitter' )
     user = nil
     if auth
       Rails.logger.info 'user_id', auth.user_id
-      user = User.where( id: auth.user_id ).first
+      user = User.find_by( id: auth.user_id )
     end
     if !user
       Rails.logger.info 'create user...'
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
     # check if ticket exists
     if tweet.respond_to?('in_reply_to_status_id') && tweet.in_reply_to_status_id && tweet.in_reply_to_status_id.to_s != ''
       Rails.logger.info 'tweet.in_reply_to_status_id found: ' + tweet.in_reply_to_status_id.to_s
-      article = Ticket::Article.where( message_id: tweet.in_reply_to_status_id.to_s ).first
+      article = Ticket::Article.find_by( message_id: tweet.in_reply_to_status_id.to_s )
       if article
         Rails.logger.info 'article with id found tweet.in_reply_to_status_id found: ' + tweet.in_reply_to_status_id.to_s
         return article.ticket
@@ -194,14 +194,14 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
     end
 
     # find if record already exists
-    article = Ticket::Article.where( message_id: tweet.id.to_s ).first
+    article = Ticket::Article.find_by( message_id: tweet.id.to_s )
     if article
       return article.ticket
     end
 
     ticket = nil
     if @article_type == 'twitter direct-message'
-      ticket = Ticket.where( customer_id: user.id ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( customer_id: user.id )
       if ticket
         state_type = Ticket::StateType.where( ticket.state.state_type_id )
         if state_type.name == 'closed' || state_type.name == 'closed'
@@ -210,17 +210,17 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
       end
     end
     if !ticket
-      group = Group.where( name: group ).first
+      group = Group.find_by( name: group )
       group_id = 1
       if group
         group_id = group.id
       end
-      state = Ticket::State.where( name: 'new' ).first
+      state = Ticket::State.find_by( name: 'new' )
       state_id = 1
       if state
         state_id = state.id
       end
-      priority = Ticket::Priority.where( name: '2 normal' ).first
+      priority = Ticket::Priority.find_by( name: '2 normal' )
       priority_id = 1
       if priority
         priority_id = priority.id
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
   def fetch_article_create( _user, ticket, tweet, sender )
 
     # find if record already exists
-    article = Ticket::Article.where( message_id: tweet.id.to_s ).first
+    article = Ticket::Article.find_by( message_id: tweet.id.to_s )
     return article if article
 
     # set ticket state to open if not new
     if ticket.state.name != 'new'
-      ticket.state = Ticket::State.where( name: 'open' ).first
+      ticket.state = Ticket::State.find_by( name: 'open' )
       ticket.save
     end
 
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
 
     article = Ticket::Article.create(
       ticket_id: ticket.id,
-      type_id: Ticket::Article::Type.where( name: @article_type ).first.id,
-      sender_id: Ticket::Article::Sender.where( name: 'Customer' ).first.id,
+      type_id: Ticket::Article::Type.find_by( name: @article_type ).id,
+      sender_id: Ticket::Article::Sender.find_by( name: 'Customer' ).id,
       body: tweet.text,
       from: sender.name,
       to: to,
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class Channel::TWITTER2
 
   def send(attr, _notification = false)
     #    Rails.logger.debug('tweeeeettttt!!!!!!')
-    channel = Channel.where( area: 'Twitter::Inbound', active: true ).first
+    channel = Channel.find_by( area: 'Twitter::Inbound', active: true )
 
     client = Twitter::REST::Client.new do |config|
       config.consumer_key        = channel[:options][:consumer_key]
diff --git a/app/models/history.rb b/app/models/history.rb
index 016796eee..1b7005486 100644
--- a/app/models/history.rb
+++ b/app/models/history.rb
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ add a new history entry for an object
     }
     history_record = nil
     if data[:id]
-      history_record = History.where( id: data[:id] ).first
+      history_record = History.find_by( id: data[:id] )
     end
     if history_record
       history_record.update_attributes(record)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ remove whole history entries of an object
 =end
 
   def self.remove( requested_object, requested_object_id )
-    history_object = History::Object.where( name: requested_object ).first
+    history_object = History::Object.find_by( name: requested_object )
     return if !history_object
     History.where(
       history_object_id: history_object.id,
diff --git a/app/models/link.rb b/app/models/link.rb
index 57377ec82..27f6261dc 100644
--- a/app/models/link.rb
+++ b/app/models/link.rb
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class Link < ApplicationModel
   end
 
   def self.link_type_get(data)
-    linktype = Link::Type.where( name: data[:name] ).first
+    linktype = Link::Type.find_by( name: data[:name] )
     if !linktype
       linktype = Link::Type.create(
         name: data[:name]
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class Link < ApplicationModel
   end
 
   def self.link_object_get(data)
-    linkobject = Link::Object.where( name: data[:name] ).first
+    linkobject = Link::Object.find_by( name: data[:name] )
     if !linkobject
       linkobject = Link::Object.create(
         name: data[:name]
diff --git a/app/models/locale.rb b/app/models/locale.rb
index 802700505..0b329d19a 100644
--- a/app/models/locale.rb
+++ b/app/models/locale.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Locale < ApplicationModel
 
     ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
       result.data.each {|locale|
-        exists = Locale.where(locale: locale['locale']).first
+        exists = Locale.find_by(locale: locale['locale'])
         if exists
           exists.update(locale.symbolize_keys!)
         else
diff --git a/app/models/object_manager.rb b/app/models/object_manager.rb
index aafd10ff5..50f1f9c19 100644
--- a/app/models/object_manager.rb
+++ b/app/models/object_manager.rb
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ add a new attribute entry for an object
     data.delete(:object)
 
     # check newest entry - is needed
-    result = ObjectManager::Attribute.where(
+    result = ObjectManager::Attribute.find_by(
       object_lookup_id: data[:object_lookup_id],
       name: data[:name],
-    ).first
+    )
     if result
 #      raise "ERROR: attribute #{data[:name]} for #{data[:object]} already exists"
       return result.update_attributes(data)
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ get the attribute model based on object and name
       data[:object_lookup_id] = ObjectLookup.by_name( data[:object] )
     end
 
-    ObjectManager::Attribute.where(
+    ObjectManager::Attribute.find_by(
       object_lookup_id: data[:object_lookup_id],
       name: data[:name],
-    ).first
+    )
   end
 
 =begin
diff --git a/app/models/observer/user/geo.rb b/app/models/observer/user/geo.rb
index 959c67472..d7d540473 100644
--- a/app/models/observer/user/geo.rb
+++ b/app/models/observer/user/geo.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Observer::User::Geo < ActiveRecord::Observer
 
     # check if geo update is needed based on old/new location
     if record.id
-      current = User.where( id: record.id ).first
+      current = User.find_by( id: record.id )
       return if !current
 
       current_location = {}
diff --git a/app/models/package.rb b/app/models/package.rb
index 2bf484e98..823dd0230 100644
--- a/app/models/package.rb
+++ b/app/models/package.rb
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class Package < ApplicationModel
     }
 
     # verify if package can get installed
-    package_db = Package.where( name: meta[:name] ).first
+    package_db = Package.find_by( name: meta[:name] )
     if package_db
       if !data[:reinstall]
         if Gem::Version.new( package_db.version ) == Gem::Version.new( meta[:version] )
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class Package < ApplicationModel
 
   # Package.reinstall( package_name )
   def self.reinstall(package_name)
-    package = Package.where( name: package_name ).first
+    package = Package.find_by( name: package_name )
     if !package
       raise "No such package '#{package_name}'"
     end
@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ class Package < ApplicationModel
     end
 
     # delete package
-    record = Package.where(
+    record = Package.find_by(
       name: meta[:name],
       version: meta[:version],
-    ).first
+    )
     record.destroy
 
     true
@@ -340,10 +340,10 @@ class Package < ApplicationModel
   end
 
   def self._get_bin( name, version )
-    package = Package.where(
+    package = Package.find_by(
       name: name,
       version: version,
-    ).first
+    )
     if !package
       raise "No such package '#{name}' version '#{version}'"
     end
@@ -475,20 +475,20 @@ class Package < ApplicationModel
 
         # down
         if direction == 'reverse'
-          done = Package::Migration.where( name: package.underscore, version: version ).first
+          done = Package::Migration.find_by( name: package.underscore, version: version )
           next if !done
           logger.info "NOTICE: down package migration '#{migration}'"
           load "#{location}/#{migration}"
           classname = name.camelcase
           Kernel.const_get(classname).down
-          record = Package::Migration.where( name: package.underscore, version: version ).first
+          record = Package::Migration.find_by( name: package.underscore, version: version )
           if record
             record.destroy
           end
 
           # up
         else
-          done = Package::Migration.where( name: package.underscore, version: version ).first
+          done = Package::Migration.find_by( name: package.underscore, version: version )
           next if done
           logger.info "NOTICE: up package migration '#{migration}'"
           load "#{location}/#{migration}"
diff --git a/app/models/scheduler.rb b/app/models/scheduler.rb
index 37172a651..0fd77ee58 100644
--- a/app/models/scheduler.rb
+++ b/app/models/scheduler.rb
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class Scheduler < ApplicationModel
   def self.check( name, time_warning = 10, time_critical = 20 )
     time_warning_time  = Time.now - time_warning.minutes
     time_critical_time = Time.now - time_critical.minutes
-    scheduler = Scheduler.where( name: name ).first
+    scheduler = Scheduler.find_by( name: name )
     if !scheduler
       puts "CRITICAL - no such scheduler jobs '#{name}'"
       return true
diff --git a/app/models/setting.rb b/app/models/setting.rb
index e81a24111..110d9a582 100644
--- a/app/models/setting.rb
+++ b/app/models/setting.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Setting < ApplicationModel
   end
 
   def self.set(name, value)
-    setting = Setting.where( name: name ).first
+    setting = Setting.find_by( name: name )
     if !setting
       raise "Can't find config setting '#{name}'"
     end
diff --git a/app/models/store.rb b/app/models/store.rb
index d943ae969..e74d03569 100644
--- a/app/models/store.rb
+++ b/app/models/store.rb
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ returns
   end
 
   def content
-    file = Store::File.where( id: self.store_file_id ).first
+    file = Store::File.find_by( id: self.store_file_id )
     if !file
       raise "No such file #{ self.store_file_id }!"
     end
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ returns
   end
 
   def provider
-    file = Store::File.where( id: self.store_file_id ).first
+    file = Store::File.find_by( id: self.store_file_id )
     if !file
       raise "No such file #{ self.store_file_id }!"
     end
diff --git a/app/models/store/file.rb b/app/models/store/file.rb
index 794bd64de..202844a35 100644
--- a/app/models/store/file.rb
+++ b/app/models/store/file.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class Store
     def self.add(data)
       sha = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest( data )
 
-      file = Store::File.where( sha: sha ).first
+      file = Store::File.find_by( sha: sha )
       if file.nil?
 
         # load backend based on config
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class Store
         c = adapter.get( self.sha )
       else
         # fallback until migration is done
-        c = Store::Provider::DB.where( md5: self.md5 ).first.data
+        c = Store::Provider::DB.find_by( md5: self.md5 ).data
       end
       c
     end
diff --git a/app/models/store/provider/db.rb b/app/models/store/provider/db.rb
index 2cc739c58..a5b132761 100644
--- a/app/models/store/provider/db.rb
+++ b/app/models/store/provider/db.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Store
       end
 
       def self.get(sha)
-        file = Store::Provider::DB.where( sha: sha ).first
+        file = Store::Provider::DB.find_by( sha: sha )
         return if !file
         file.data
       end
diff --git a/app/models/tag.rb b/app/models/tag.rb
index 4878167fb..b89d7db3c 100644
--- a/app/models/tag.rb
+++ b/app/models/tag.rb
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class Tag < ApplicationModel
     return @@cache_item[ name ] if @@cache_item[ name ]
 
     # lookup
-    tag_item = Tag::Item.where( name: name ).first
+    tag_item = Tag::Item.find_by( name: name )
     if tag_item
       @@cache_item[ name ] = tag_item.id
       return tag_item.id
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class Tag < ApplicationModel
     return @@cache_object[ name ] if @@cache_object[ name ]
 
     # lookup
-    tag_object = Tag::Object.where( name: name ).first
+    tag_object = Tag::Object.find_by( name: name )
     if tag_object
       @@cache_object[ name ] = tag_object.id
       return tag_object.id
diff --git a/app/models/ticket.rb b/app/models/ticket.rb
index c21c1e47e..3ed1616ae 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket.rb
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ returns
     self.state_id = Ticket::State.lookup( name: 'merged' ).id
 
     # rest owner
-    self.owner_id = User.where( login: '-' ).first.id
+    self.owner_id = User.find_by( login: '-' ).id
 
     # save ticket
     self.save
diff --git a/app/models/ticket/number.rb b/app/models/ticket/number.rb
index 8c0b64b6a..2936721c7 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket/number.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket/number.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ returns
     # generate number
     (1..50_000).each {
       number = adapter.generate
-      ticket = Ticket.where( number: number ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( number: number )
       return number if !ticket
     }
     raise "Can't generate new ticket number!"
diff --git a/app/models/ticket/number/date.rb b/app/models/ticket/number/date.rb
index da9ef2fc2..400fcf6e8 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket/number/date.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket/number/date.rb
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ module Ticket::Number::Date
 
     # probe format
     if string =~ /#{ticket_hook}#{ticket_hook_divider}(#{system_id}\d{2,50})/i
-      ticket = Ticket.where( number: $1 ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( number: $1 )
     elsif string =~ /#{ticket_hook}\s{0,2}(#{system_id}\d{2,50})/i
-      ticket = Ticket.where( number: $1 ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( number: $1 )
     end
     ticket
   end
diff --git a/app/models/ticket/number/increment.rb b/app/models/ticket/number/increment.rb
index e5f44edce..6f3234b19 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket/number/increment.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket/number/increment.rb
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ module Ticket::Number::Increment
 
     # probe format
     if string =~ /#{ticket_hook}#{ticket_hook_divider}(#{system_id}\d{2,48})/i
-      ticket = Ticket.where( number: $1 ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( number: $1 )
     elsif string =~ /#{ticket_hook}\s{0,2}(#{system_id}\d{2,48})/i
-      ticket = Ticket.where( number: $1 ).first
+      ticket = Ticket.find_by( number: $1 )
     end
     ticket
   end
diff --git a/app/models/ticket/screen_options.rb b/app/models/ticket/screen_options.rb
index 959c2cf04..0880b32e1 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket/screen_options.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket/screen_options.rb
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ returns
       state_ids.push params[:ticket].state.id
     end
     state_types.each {|type|
-      state_type = Ticket::StateType.where( name: type ).first
+      state_type = Ticket::StateType.find_by( name: type )
 
       next if !state_type
 
diff --git a/app/models/token.rb b/app/models/token.rb
index 084df589c..ee9d7c2a7 100644
--- a/app/models/token.rb
+++ b/app/models/token.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class Token < ActiveRecord::Base
   def self.check( data )
 
     # fetch token
-    token = Token.where( action: data[:action], name: data[:name] ).first
+    token = Token.find_by( action: data[:action], name: data[:name] )
     return if !token
 
     # check if token is still valid
diff --git a/app/models/user.rb b/app/models/user.rb
index 972e2bfea..f6bfea123 100644
--- a/app/models/user.rb
+++ b/app/models/user.rb
@@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ returns
     return if !password || password == ''
 
     # try to find user based on login
-    user = User.where( login: username.downcase, active: true ).first
+    user = User.find_by( login: username.downcase, active: true )
 
     # try second lookup with email
     if !user
-      user = User.where( email: username.downcase, active: true ).first
+      user = User.find_by( email: username.downcase, active: true )
     end
 
     # check failed logins
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ returns
     return if !username || username == ''
 
     # try to find user based on login
-    user = User.where( login: username.downcase, active: true ).first
+    user = User.find_by( login: username.downcase, active: true )
 
     # try second lookup with email
     if !user
-      user = User.where( email: username.downcase, active: true ).first
+      user = User.find_by( email: username.downcase, active: true )
     end
 
     # check if email address exists
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ returns
     user.update_attributes( password: password )
 
     # delete token
-    Token.where( action: 'PasswordReset', name: token ).first.destroy
+    Token.find_by( action: 'PasswordReset', name: token ).destroy
     user
   end
 
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ returns
     self.login = self.login.downcase
     check      = true
     while check
-      exists = User.where( login: self.login ).first
+      exists = User.find_by( login: self.login )
       if exists && exists.id != self.id
         self.login = self.login + rand(999).to_s
       else