Maintenance: Replace rand() where possible

.rubocop/cop/zammad/forbid_rand.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Zammad Foundation, http://zammad-foundation.org/
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Zammad
+      class ForbidRand < Base
+        MSG = <<~ERROR_MESSAGE.freeze
+          Please avoid 'rand' if possible. It does not guarantee uniqueness which means that there is a risk of collisions. Possible alternatives:
+          - If you need unique values, consider using 'SecureRandom.uuid'.
+          - To randomly select a value from a list, use [].sample.
+          - To generate random test data that does not need to be unique, you can use 'Faker::*'.
+        ERROR_MESSAGE
+
+        def on_send(node)
+          add_offense(node) if node.method_name.eql? :rand
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

.rubocop/rubocop_zammad.rb

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ require_relative 'cop/zammad/have_no_over_not_to'
 require_relative 'cop/zammad/no_to_sym_on_string'
 require_relative 'cop/zammad/prefer_negated_if_over_unless'
 require_relative 'cop/zammad/update_copyright'
+require_relative 'cop/zammad/forbid_rand'

app/controllers/long_polling_controller.rb

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class LongPollingController < ApplicationController
   private
 
   def client_id_gen
-    rand(9_999_999_999).to_s
+    SecureRandom.uuid
   end
 
   def client_id_verify

app/models/channel/driver/sms/message_bird.rb

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Channel::Driver::Sms::MessageBird < Channel::Driver::Sms::Base
       name:         'message_bird',
       adapter:      'sms/message_bird',
       account:      [
-        { name: 'options::webhook_token', display: 'Webhook Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, default: Digest::MD5.hexdigest(rand(999_999_999_999).to_s), disabled: true, readonly: true },
+        { name: 'options::webhook_token', display: 'Webhook Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, default: Digest::MD5.hexdigest(SecureRandom.uuid), disabled: true, readonly: true },
         { name: 'options::token', display: 'Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 255, null: false },
         { name: 'options::sender', display: 'Sender', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, placeholder: '+491710000000' },
         { name: 'group_id', display: 'Destination Group', tag: 'select', null: false, relation: 'Group', nulloption: true, filter: { active: true } },

app/models/channel/driver/sms/twilio.rb

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Channel::Driver::Sms::Twilio < Channel::Driver::Sms::Base
       name:         'twilio',
       adapter:      'sms/twilio',
       account:      [
-        { name: 'options::webhook_token', display: 'Webhook Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, default: Digest::MD5.hexdigest(rand(999_999_999_999).to_s), disabled: true, readonly: true },
+        { name: 'options::webhook_token', display: 'Webhook Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, default: Digest::MD5.hexdigest(SecureRandom.uuid), disabled: true, readonly: true },
         { name: 'options::account_id', display: 'Account SID', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, placeholder: 'XXXXXX' },
         { name: 'options::token', display: 'Token', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false },
         { name: 'options::sender', display: 'Sender', tag: 'input', type: 'text', limit: 200, null: false, placeholder: '+491710000000' },

app/models/chat/session.rb

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Chat::Session < ApplicationModel
   end
 
   def generate_session_id
-    self.session_id = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(Time.zone.now.to_s + rand(99_999_999_999_999).to_s)
+    self.session_id = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(SecureRandom.uuid)
   end
 
   def add_recipient(client_id, store = false)

app/models/cti/driver/base.rb

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class Cti::Driver::Base
       end
     end
 
-    id = rand(999_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
     PushMessages.send_to(user.id, {
                            event: 'remote_task',
                            data:  {

app/models/cti/log.rb

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: 'Bob Smith',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'newCall',
     done: true,
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: 'Bob Smith',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'answer',
     done: true,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: 'Bob Smith',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'hangup',
     comment: 'normalClearing',
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: 'Bob Smith',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'hangup',
     done: true,
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: '',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'hangup',
     done: true,
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     from_comment: 'Franz Bauer',
     to: '4930609811111',
     to_comment: 'Bob Smith',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'hangup',
     done: true,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ example data, can be used for demo
     direction: 'in',
     from: '4930609854180',
     to: '4930609811112',
-    call_id: rand(999_999_999),
+    call_id: SecureRandom.uuid,
     comment: '',
     state: 'hangup',
     done: true,

app/models/overview.rb

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class Overview < ApplicationModel
     local_link.squeeze!('_')
     local_link = CGI.escape(local_link)
     if local_link.blank?
-      local_link = id || rand(999)
+      local_link = id || SecureRandom.uuid
     end
     check = true
     count = 0

app/models/setting.rb

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ reload config settings
 
   def reset_change_id
     @@current[name] = state_current[:value]
-    change_id = rand(999_999_999).to_s
+    change_id = SecureRandom.uuid
     logger.debug { "Setting.reset_change_id: set new cache, #{change_id}" }
     Cache.write('Setting::ChangeId', change_id, { expires_in: 24.hours })
     @@lookup_at = nil # rubocop:disable Style/ClassVars

app/models/ticket/article/adds_metadata_email.rb

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ module Ticket::Article::AddsMetadataEmail
     # generate message id, force it in production, in test allow to set it for testing reasons
     if !message_id || Rails.env.production?
       fqdn = Setting.get('fqdn')
-      self.message_id = "<#{DateTime.current.to_s(:number)}.#{ticket_id}.#{rand(999_999_999_999)}@#{fqdn}>"
+      self.message_id = "<#{DateTime.current.to_s(:number)}.#{ticket_id}.#{SecureRandom.uuid}@#{fqdn}>"
     end
 
     # generate message_id_md5

app/models/transaction/notification.rb

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Transaction::Notification
           changes:      changes,
           reason:       recipients_reason[user.id],
         },
-        message_id:  "<notification.#{DateTime.current.to_s(:number)}.#{ticket.id}.#{user.id}.#{rand(999_999)}@#{Setting.get('fqdn')}>",
+        message_id:  "<notification.#{DateTime.current.to_s(:number)}.#{ticket.id}.#{user.id}.#{SecureRandom.uuid}@#{Setting.get('fqdn')}>",
         references:  ticket.get_references,
         main_object: ticket,
         attachments: attachments,

app/models/user.rb

@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ try to find correct name
 
     # generate auto login
     if login.blank?
-      self.login = "auto-#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999)}"
+      self.login = "auto-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     end
 
     # check if login already exists
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ try to find correct name
     while check
       exists = User.find_by(login: login)
       if exists && exists.id != id
-        self.login = "#{login}#{rand(999)}"
+        self.login = "#{login}#{rand(999)}" # rubocop:disable Zammad/ForbidRand
       else
         check = false
       end

db/seeds/settings.rb

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ options = {}
 (10..99).each do |item|
   options[item] = item
 end
-system_id = rand(10..99)
+system_id = rand(10..99) # rubocop:disable Zammad/ForbidRand
 Setting.create_if_not_exists(
   title:       'SystemID',
   name:        'system_id',

lib/email_helper/verify.rb

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ or
     def self.email(params)
 
       # send verify email
-      subject = params[:subject].presence || "##{rand(99_999_999_999)}"
+      subject = params[:subject].presence || "##{SecureRandom.hex(10)}"
       result = EmailHelper::Probe.outbound(params[:outbound], params[:sender], subject)
       if result[:result] != 'ok'
         result[:source] = 'outbound'

lib/external_credential/facebook.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class ExternalCredential::Facebook
       ExternalCredential.callback_url('facebook'),
     )
     oauth.get_app_access_token.inspect
-    state = rand(999_999_999_999).to_s
+    state = SecureRandom.uuid
     {
       request_token: state,
       # authorize_url: oauth.url_for_oauth_code(permissions: 'publish_pages, manage_pages, user_posts', state: state),

lib/fill_db.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Zammad Foundation, http://zammad-foundation.org/
 
+require 'faker'
+
 # rubocop:disable Rails/Output
 module FillDb
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
     else
       (1..organizations).each do
         ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-          organization = Organization.create!(name: "FillOrganization::#{rand(999_999)}", active: true)
+          organization = Organization.create!(name: "FillOrganization::#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}", active: true)
           organization_pool.push organization
         end
       end
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
 
       (1..agents).each do
         ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-          suffix = rand(99_999).to_s
+          suffix = Faker::Number.number(digits: 5).to_s
           user = User.create_or_update(
             login:     "filldb-agent-#{suffix}",
             firstname: "agent #{suffix}",
@@ -96,12 +98,14 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
       roles = Role.where(name: [ 'Customer'])
       groups_all = Group.all
 
+      true_or_false = [true, false]
+
       (1..customers).each do
         ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-          suffix = rand(99_999).to_s
+          suffix = Faker::Number.number(digits: 5).to_s
           organization = nil
-          if organization_pool.present? && rand(2) == 1
+          if organization_pool.present? && true_or_false.sample
-            organization = organization_pool[ organization_pool.length - 1 ]
+            organization = organization_pool.sample
           end
           user = User.create_or_update(
             login:        "filldb-customer-#{suffix}",
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
     else
       (1..groups).each do
         ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-          group = Group.create!(name: "FillGroup::#{rand(999_999)}", active: true)
+          group = Group.create!(name: "FillGroup::#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}", active: true)
           group_pool.push group
           Role.where(name: 'Agent').first.users.where(active: true).each do |user|
             user_groups = user.groups
@@ -146,7 +150,7 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
       (1..overviews).each do
         ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
           Overview.create!(
-            name:      "Filloverview::#{rand(999_999)}",
+            name:      "Filloverview::#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}",
             role_ids:  [Role.find_by(name: 'Agent').id],
             condition: {
               'ticket.state_id' => {
@@ -178,15 +182,15 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
 
     (1..tickets).each do
       ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-        customer = customer_pool[ rand(customer_pool.length - 1) ]
+        customer = customer_pool.sample
-        agent    = agent_pool[ rand(agent_pool.length - 1) ]
+        agent    = agent_pool.sample
         ticket = Ticket.create!(
-          title:         "some title äöüß#{rand(999_999)}",
+          title:         "some title äöüß#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}",
-          group:         group_pool[ rand(group_pool.length - 1) ],
+          group:         group_pool.sample,
           customer:      customer,
           owner:         agent,
-          state:         state_pool[ rand(state_pool.length - 1) ],
+          state:         state_pool.sample,
-          priority:      priority_pool[ rand(priority_pool.length - 1) ],
+          priority:      priority_pool.sample,
           updated_by_id: agent.id,
           created_by_id: agent.id,
         )
@@ -196,8 +200,8 @@ or if you only want to create 100 tickets
           ticket_id:     ticket.id,
           from:          customer.email,
           to:            'some_recipient@example.com',
-          subject:       "some subject#{rand(999_999)}",
+          subject:       "some subject#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}",
-          message_id:    "some@id-#{rand(999_999)}",
+          message_id:    "some@id-#{Faker::Number.number(digits: 6)}",
           body:          'some message ...',
           internal:      false,
           sender:        Ticket::Article::Sender.where(name: 'Customer').first,

lib/html_sanitizer.rb

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ reolace inline images with cid images
 
 =end
 
-  def self.replace_inline_images(string, prefix = rand(999_999_999))
+  def self.replace_inline_images(string, prefix = SecureRandom.uuid)
     fqdn = Setting.get('fqdn')
     attachments_inline = []
     filename_counter = 0
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ reolace inline images with cid images
         if node['src'] && node['src'] =~ %r{^(data:image/(jpeg|png);base64,.+?)$}i
           filename_counter += 1
           file_attributes = StaticAssets.data_url_attributes($1)
-          cid = "#{prefix}.#{rand(999_999_999)}@#{fqdn}"
+          cid = "#{prefix}.#{SecureRandom.uuid}@#{fqdn}"
           filename = cid
           if file_attributes[:file_extention].present?
             filename = "image#{filename_counter}.#{file_attributes[:file_extention]}"

lib/import/otrs/article/attachment_factory.rb

@@ -26,16 +26,12 @@ module Import
 
           decoded_filename = Base64.decode64(attachment['Filename'])
           decoded_content  = Base64.decode64(attachment['Content'])
-          # TODO: should be done by a/the Storage object
-          # to handle fingerprinting
-          sha = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(decoded_content)
 
-          retries = 3
+          # rubocop:disable Style/ClassVars
-          begin
+          @@mutex ||= Mutex.new
-            queueing(sha, decoded_filename)
+          @@mutex.synchronize do
+            # rubocop:enable Style/ClassVars
 
-            log "Ticket #{local_article.ticket_id}, Article #{local_article.id} - Starting import for fingerprint #{sha} (#{decoded_filename})... Queue: #{@sha_queue[sha]}."
-            ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
             Store.add(
               object:        'Ticket::Article',
               o_id:          local_article.id,
@@ -49,18 +45,6 @@ module Import
               created_by_id: 1,
             )
           end
-            log "Ticket #{local_article.ticket_id}, Article #{local_article.id} - Finished import for fingerprint #{sha} (#{decoded_filename})... Queue: #{@sha_queue[sha]}."
-          rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique, ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => e
-            log "Ticket #{local_article.ticket_id} - #{sha} - #{e.class}: #{e}"
-            sleep rand 3
-            retry if !(retries -= 1).zero?
-            raise
-          rescue => e
-            log "Ticket #{local_article.ticket_id} - #{sha} - #{e}: #{attachment.inspect}"
-            raise
-          ensure
-            queue_cleanup(sha)
-          end
         end
 
         def skip_import?(attachments, local_article)
@@ -73,40 +57,6 @@ module Import
 
           false
         end
-
-        def queueing(sha, decoded_filename)
-          # this is (currently) needed for avoiding
-          # race conditions inserting attachments with
-          # the same fingerprint in the DB in concurrent threads
-          @sha_queue      ||= {}
-          @sha_queue[sha] ||= []
-
-          return if !queueing_active?
-
-          @sha_queue[sha].push(queue_id)
-
-          while @sha_queue[sha].first != queue_id
-            sleep_time = 0.25
-            log "Found active import for fingerprint #{sha} (#{decoded_filename})... sleeping #{sleep_time} seconds. Queue: #{@sha_queue[sha]}."
-            sleep sleep_time
-          end
-        end
-
-        def queue_cleanup(sha)
-          return if !queueing_active?
-
-          @sha_queue[sha].shift
-        end
-
-        def queueing_active?
-          return if !queue_id
-
-          true
-        end
-
-        def queue_id
-          Thread.current[:thread_no]
-        end
       end
     end
   end

lib/import/otrs/article_customer.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ module Import
         log "ERROR: Can't extract customer from Article #{article[:id]}"
       end
 
+      def self.mutex
+        @mutex ||= Mutex.new
+      end
+
       class << self
 
         def find(article)
@@ -48,10 +52,12 @@ module Import
       end
 
       def find_or_create(article)
+        self.class.mutex.synchronize do
           return if self.class.find(article)
 
           create(article)
         end
+      end
 
       def create(article)
         email = self.class.local_email(article['From'])
@@ -66,14 +72,6 @@ module Import
           updated_by_id: 1,
           created_by_id: 1,
         )
-      rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique
-        log "User #{email} was handled by another thread, taking this."
-
-        return if self.class.find(article)
-
-        log "User #{email} wasn't created sleep and retry."
-        sleep rand 3
-        retry
       end
 
       def roles

lib/search_index_backend.rb

@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ helper method for making HTTP calls and raising error if response was not succes
   def self.pipeline(create: false)
     pipeline = Setting.get('es_pipeline')
     if create && pipeline.blank?
-      pipeline = "zammad#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+      pipeline = "zammad#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       Setting.set('es_pipeline', pipeline)
     end
     pipeline

lib/sequencer/state.rb

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Sequencer
     #
     # @example
     #  state.provide(:sum) do
-    #    some_value = rand(100)
+    #    some_value = ...
     #    some_value * 3
     #  end
     #

lib/sessions/store/file.rb

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class Sessions::Store::File
     path = "#{@path}/spool/"
     FileUtils.mkpath path
 
-    file_path = "#{path}/#{Time.now.utc.to_f}-#{rand(99_999)}"
+    file_path = "#{path}/#{Time.now.utc.to_f}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     write_with_lock(file_path, data.to_json)
   end
 

spec/factories/ticket/flag.rb

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :'ticket/flag', aliases: %i[ticket_flag] do
     ticket
-    key     { "key_#{rand(100)}" }
+    key     { "key_#{Faker::Food.fruits}" }
-    value { "value_#{rand(100)}" }
+    value { "value_#{Faker::Food.fruits}" }
     created_by_id { 1 }
   end
 end

spec/factories/ticket/time_accounting.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :'ticket/time_accounting', aliases: %i[ticket_time_accounting] do
     ticket
-    time_unit     { rand(1..100) }
+    time_unit     { Faker::Number.number(digits: 2) }
     created_by_id { 1 }
 
     trait :for_article do

spec/lib/sessions/event/chat_agent_state_spec.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Sessions::Event::ChatAgentState do
 
-  let(:client_id) { rand(123_456_789) }
+  let(:client_id) { SecureRandom.uuid }
   let(:chat) { Chat.first }
 
   let(:user) do

spec/lib/sessions/event/chat_session_start_spec.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Sessions::Event::ChatSessionStart do
-  let(:client_id) { rand(123_456_789) }
+  let(:client_id) { SecureRandom.uuid }
   let(:chat) { Chat.first }
   let(:chat_session) do
     Sessions.create('customer_session_id', { 'id' => customer.id }, {})

spec/lib/sessions/event/chat_transfer_spec.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Sessions::Event::ChatTransfer do
-  let(:client_id) { rand(123_456_789) }
+  let(:client_id) { SecureRandom.uuid }
   let(:chat) { Chat.first }
   let(:chat_transfer_into) { Chat.create!(name: 'chat 2', updated_by_id: 1, created_by_id: 1) }
   let(:chat_session) do

spec/models/overview_spec.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Zammad Foundation, http://zammad-foundation.org/
 
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'models/application_model_examples'
 
 RSpec.describe Overview, type: :model do
   it_behaves_like 'ApplicationModel', can_assets: { associations: :users, selectors: :condition }
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ RSpec.describe Overview, type: :model do
 
       it 'handles special chars' do
         overview = create(:overview, name: 'Д дФ ф')
-        expect(overview.link).to match(%r{^\d{1,3}$})
+        expect(overview.link).to match(%r{^[a-z0-9-]{36}$})
       end
 
       it 'removes special char fallback if possible' do

spec/requests/api_auth_spec.rb

@@ -183,14 +183,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Api Auth', type: :request do
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Array)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       post '/api/v1/organizations', params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
       expect(json_response['name']).to eq(name)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)} - 2"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid} - 2"
       put "/api/v1/organizations/#{json_response['id']}", params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
@@ -205,14 +205,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Api Auth', type: :request do
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Array)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       post '/api/v1/organizations', params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
       expect(json_response['name']).to eq(name)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)} - 2"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid} - 2"
       put "/api/v1/organizations/#{json_response['id']}", params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
@@ -227,14 +227,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Api Auth', type: :request do
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Array)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       post '/api/v1/organizations', params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
       expect(json_response['name']).to eq(name)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)} - 2"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid} - 2"
       put "/api/v1/organizations/#{json_response['id']}", params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Api Auth', type: :request do
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Array)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       post '/api/v1/organizations', params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:forbidden)
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Api Auth', type: :request do
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Array)
       expect(json_response).to be_truthy
 
-      name = "some org name #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      name = "some org name #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       post '/api/v1/organizations', params: { name: name }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:forbidden)
     end

spec/requests/integration/object_manager_attributes_spec.rb

@@ -333,9 +333,9 @@ RSpec.describe 'ObjectManager Attributes', type: :request do
 
     it 'does converts string to boolean for default value for boolean data type with true (01)', db_strategy: :reset do
       params = {
-        name:        "customerdescription#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        name:        "customerdescription#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         object:      'Ticket',
-        display:     "custom description#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        display:     "custom description#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         active:      true,
         data_type:   'boolean',
         data_option: {
@@ -384,9 +384,9 @@ RSpec.describe 'ObjectManager Attributes', type: :request do
 
     it 'does converts string to boolean for default value for boolean data type with false (02)', db_strategy: :reset do
       params = {
-        name:        "customerdescription_#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        name:        "customerdescription_#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         object:      'Ticket',
-        display:     "custom description #{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        display:     "custom description #{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         active:      true,
         data_type:   'boolean',
         data_option: {
@@ -894,9 +894,9 @@ RSpec.describe 'ObjectManager Attributes', type: :request do
     it 'does verify if attribute type can not be changed (07)', db_strategy: :reset do
 
       params = {
-        name:        "customerdescription_#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        name:        "customerdescription_#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         object:      'Ticket',
-        display:     "custom description #{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        display:     "custom description #{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         active:      true,
         data_type:   'boolean',
         data_option: {
@@ -958,9 +958,9 @@ RSpec.describe 'ObjectManager Attributes', type: :request do
     it 'does verify if attribute type can be changed (08)', db_strategy: :reset do
 
       params = {
-        name:        "customerdescription_#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        name:        "customerdescription_#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         object:      'Ticket',
-        display:     "custom description #{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        display:     "custom description #{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
         active:      true,
         data_type:   'input',
         data_option: {
@@ -1041,9 +1041,9 @@ RSpec.describe 'ObjectManager Attributes', type: :request do
     context 'position handling', authenticated_as: -> { admin } do
       let(:params) do
         {
-          name:        "customerdescription_#{rand(999_999_999)}",
+          name:        "customerdescription_#{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
           object:      'Ticket',
-          display:     "custom description #{rand(999_999_999)}",
+          display:     "custom description #{SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', '_')}",
           active:      true,
           data_type:   'input',
           data_option: {

spec/requests/knowledge_base/answer_attachments_cloning_spec.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'KnowledgeBase answer attachments cloning', type: :request, authe
   let(:current_user) { create(:agent) }
 
   it 'copies to given UploadCache' do
-    form_id  = Random.rand(999..9999)
+    form_id  = SecureRandom.uuid
     endpoint = "/api/v1/knowledge_bases/#{knowledge_base.id}/answers/#{published_answer.id}/attachments/clone_to_form"
     params   = { form_id: form_id }
 

spec/requests/long_polling_spec.rb

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'LongPolling', type: :request do
       get '/api/v1/message_send', params: { data: {} }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
-      expect(json_response['client_id'].to_i).to be_between(1, 9_999_999_999)
+      expect(json_response['client_id']).to be_a_uuid
 
       client_id = json_response['client_id']
       get '/api/v1/message_send', params: { client_id: client_id, data: { event: 'spool' } }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
-      expect(json_response['client_id'].to_i).to be_between(1, 9_999_999_999)
+      expect(json_response['client_id']).to be_a_uuid
 
       get '/api/v1/message_receive', params: { client_id: client_id, data: {} }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'LongPolling', type: :request do
       get '/api/v1/message_send', params: { data: {} }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
       expect(json_response).to be_a_kind_of(Hash)
-      expect(json_response['client_id'].to_i).to be_between(1, 9_999_999_999)
+      expect(json_response['client_id']).to be_a_uuid
     end
 
     it 'send with client_id' do
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'LongPolling', type: :request do
       authenticated_as(agent, token: create(:token, action: 'api', user_id: agent.id))
       get '/api/v1/message_send', params: { data: { event: 'login' } }, as: :json
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
-      expect(json_response['client_id'].to_i).to be_between(1, 9_999_999_999)
+      expect(json_response['client_id']).to be_a_uuid
       client_id = json_response['client_id']
 
       get '/api/v1/message_receive', params: { client_id: client_id, data: {} }, as: :json

spec/requests/ticket_spec.rb

@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket with correct ticket id (02.04)' do
-      title = "ticket with corret ticket id testagent#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket with corret ticket id testagent#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       ticket = create(
         :ticket,
         title:       title,
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket pagination (02.05)' do
-      title = "ticket pagination #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket pagination #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       tickets = []
       (1..20).each do |count|
         ticket = create(
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket with correct ticket id (03.05)' do
-      title = "ticket with corret ticket id testme#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket with corret ticket id testme#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       ticket = create(
         :ticket,
         title:       title,
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket show and response format (04.01)' do
-      title = "ticket testagent#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket testagent#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       ticket = create(
         :ticket,
         title:         title,
@@ -1511,7 +1511,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket index and response format (04.02)' do
-      title = "ticket testagent#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket testagent#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       ticket = create(
         :ticket,
         title:         title,
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket create and response format (04.03)' do
-      title = "ticket testagent#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket testagent#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       params = {
         title:       title,
         group:       ticket_group.name,
@@ -1677,7 +1677,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket update and response formats (04.04)' do
-      title = "ticket testagent#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket testagent#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       ticket = create(
         :ticket,
         title:         title,
@@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Ticket', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does ticket search sorted (08.01)' do
-      title = "ticket pagination #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      title = "ticket pagination #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
       ticket1 = create(
         :ticket,

spec/requests/user_spec.rb

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'User', type: :request do
       expect(json_response.count).to eq(2)
 
       # create user with admin role
-      firstname = "First test#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      firstname = "First test#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
       role = Role.lookup(name: 'Admin')
       params = { firstname: "Admin#{firstname}", lastname: 'Admin Last', email: 'new_admin_by_agent@example.com', role_ids: [ role.id ] }
       post '/api/v1/users', params: params, as: :json
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'User', type: :request do
     end
 
     it 'does user search sortable' do
-      firstname = "user_search_sortable #{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      firstname = "user_search_sortable #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
       user1 = create(
         :customer,

spec/scripts/websocket_server_spec.rb

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe 'websocket-server', type: :script do
     let(:error_msg) { "`start_tcp_server': no acceptor" }
     let(:ipv6_addr) { '::1/128' }
     # Prevent port assignment conflicts during parallel test execution
-    let(:port)      { rand(60_000..65_000) }
+    let(:port)      { rand(60_000..65_000) } # rubocop:disable Zammad/ForbidRand
 
     # Flush logs
     before do

spec/support/custom_matchers/types.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Zammad Foundation, http://zammad-foundation.org/
+
+RSpec::Matchers.define :be_a_uuid do
+  match do |actual|
+    c = '[a-z0-9-]'
+    actual.match %r{^#{c}{8}-#{c}{4}-#{c}{4}-#{c}{4}-#{c}{12}$}i
+  end
+end

spec/support/searchindex_backend.rb

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ prepares elasticsearch
     # Setting.set('es_password', 'zammad')
 
     if ENV['ES_INDEX_RAND'].present?
-      rand_id          = ENV.fetch('CI_JOB_ID', "r#{rand(999)}")
+      rand_id          = ENV.fetch('CI_JOB_ID', SecureRandom.uuid)
       test_method_name = self.class.description.gsub(%r{[^\w]}, '_')
-      ENV['ES_INDEX']  = "es_index_#{test_method_name.downcase}_#{rand_id}_#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      ENV['ES_INDEX']  = "es_index_#{test_method_name.downcase}_#{rand_id.downcase}"
     end
     if ENV['ES_INDEX'].blank?
       raise "Need ES_INDEX - hint ES_INDEX='estest.local_zammad'"

spec/system/login/message_spec.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe 'Login Message', type: :system, authenticated_as: false do
   context 'with maintenance_login_message' do
-    let(:message) { "badum tssss #{rand(99_999)}" }
+    let(:message) { "badum tssss #{SecureRandom.uuid}" }
     let(:alt_message) { 'lorem ipsum' }
 
     before { Setting.set 'maintenance_login_message', message }

spec/system/manage/calendars_spec.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe 'Manage > Calendars', type: :system do
 
   context 'Date' do
-    let(:calendar_title) { "test calendar #{rand(999_999_999)}" }
+    let(:calendar_title) { "test calendar #{SecureRandom.uuid}" }
 
     it 'show festivity dates correctly far away from UTC', time_zone: 'America/Sao_Paulo' do
       visit '/#manage/calendars'

spec/system/manage/organizations_spec.rb

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Manage > Organizations', type: :system do
 
           modal_ready
 
-          name = "Organization #{rand(999_999)}"
+          name = "Organization #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
           within '.modal-dialog' do
             fill_in 'name', with: name

spec/system/system/maintenance_spec.rb

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Manage > Maintenance', type: :system do
 
     context 'when maintenance login message will be used', authenticated_as: :authenticate do
       def message
-        @message ||= "badum tssss #{rand(99_999)}"
+        @message ||= 'badum tssss'
       end
 
       def authenticate
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Manage > Maintenance', type: :system do
       end
 
       it 'saves new maintenance_login_message' do
-        message_suffix = "tssss#{rand(99_999)}"
+        message_suffix = 'tssss'
 
         visit 'system/maintenance'
 

test/browser/abb_one_group_test.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 class AgentTicketActionLevel0Test < TestCase
 
   def test_aaa_agent_ticket_create_with_one_group
-    agent = "bob.smith_one_group#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    agent = "bob.smith_one_group#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class AgentTicketActionLevel0Test < TestCase
 
     group_create(
       data: {
-        name:   "some group #{rand(999_999_999)}",
+        name:   "some group #{SecureRandom.uuid}",
         member: [
           {
             login:  'admin@example.com',

test/browser/admin_calendar_sla_test.rb

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ class AdminCalendarSlaTest < TestCase
     )
     tasks_close_all
 
-    calendar_name = "ZZZ some calendar #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    calendar_name = "ZZZ some calendar #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-    sla_name = "ZZZ some sla #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    sla_name = "ZZZ some sla #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     timezone = 'Europe/Berlin'
     timezone_verify = "Europe/Berlin\s\\(GMT\\+(2|1)\\)"
     calendar_create(

test/browser/admin_channel_email_test.rb

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class AdminChannelEmailTest < TestCase
   # test the creation and cloning of Postmaster filters
   # confirm fix for issue #2170 - Cannot clone PostmasterFilter
   def test_filter_clone
-    filter_name = "Test Filter #{rand(999_999)}"
+    filter_name = "Test Filter #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/admin_drag_drop_to_new_group_test.rb

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class AdminDragDropToNewGroupTest < TestCase
   private
 
   def add_group
-    name = "dndgroup-#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    name = "dndgroup-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     click(css: '.user-menu a[title=Admin')
     click(css: '.content.active a[href="#manage/groups"]')

test/browser/admin_overview_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AdminOverviewTest < TestCase
   def test_account_add
-    name = "some overview #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    name = "some overview #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AdminOverviewTest < TestCase
   end
 
   def test_overview_group_by_direction
-    name = "overview_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    name = "overview_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     ticket_titles = (1..3).map { |i| "Priority #{i} ticket" }
 
     @browser = browser_instance

test/browser/admin_permissions_granular_vs_full_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AdminPermissionsGranularVsFullTest < TestCase
   def test_permissions_selecting
-    new_group_name = "permissions_test_group#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    new_group_name = "permissions_test_group#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
       username: 'admin@example.com',

test/browser/admin_role_test.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class AdminRoleTest < TestCase
     )
     tasks_close_all
 
-    rand      = rand(99_999_999).to_s
+    rand      = SecureRandom.uuid
     login     = "agent-role-#{rand}"
     firstname = "Role#{rand}"
     lastname  = "Module#{rand}"
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ class AdminRoleTest < TestCase
     tasks_close_all
 
     # create user
-    random = rand(999_999_999)
+    random = SecureRandom.uuid
-    user_email = "admin.user.#{rand}@example.com"
+    user_email = "admin.user.#{random}@example.com"
     user_create(
       data: {
         # login:    "some login #{random}",
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class AdminRoleTest < TestCase
 
   # regression test for issue #2332 - Role-Filter shows inactive Roles
   def test_inactive_roles_do_not_show_in_role_filter
-    name = "some role #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    name = "some role #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/agent_organization_profile_test.rb

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 class AgentOrganizationProfileTest < TestCase
   def test_org_profile
     # work in one browser window
-    message = "1 #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    message = "1 #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-    note    = "some note #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    note    = "some note #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class AgentOrganizationProfileTest < TestCase
     tasks_close_all
 
     # work with two browser windows
-    message = "comment 1 #{rand(99_999_999_999_999_999)}"
+    message = "comment 1 #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     # use current session
     browser1 = @browser

test/browser/agent_ticket_attachment_test.rb

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class AgentTicketAttachmentTest < TestCase
       browser: browser2,
     )
 
-    random     = "ticket-actions-6-test-#{rand(999_999)}"
+    random     = "ticket-actions-6-test-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     user_email = "#{random}@example.com"
     user_create(
       browser: browser2,

test/browser/agent_ticket_email_signature_test.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 class AgentTicketEmailSignatureTest < TestCase
   def test_agent_signature_check
 
-    suffix          = rand(99_999_999_999_999_999).to_s
+    suffix          = SecureRandom.uuid
     signature_name1 = "sig name 1 äöüß #{suffix}"
     signature_body1 = "--\nsig body 1 äöüß #{suffix}"
     signature_name2 = "sig name 2 äöüß #{suffix}"

test/browser/agent_ticket_overview_group_by_organization_test.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class AgentTicketOverviewGroupByOrganizationTest < TestCase
 
 =end
   def test_grouping_by_organzation_overview
-    random = rand(999_999).to_s
+    random = SecureRandom.uuid
     user_email = "user_#{random}@example.com"
     overview_name = "overview_#{random}"
 

test/browser/agent_ticket_overview_level1_test.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AgentTicketOverviewLevel1Test < TestCase
   def test_i
-    name1 = "name_low_#{rand(999_999)}"
+    name1 = "name_low_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-    name2 = "name_high_#{rand(999_999)}"
+    name2 = "name_high_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     browser1 = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/agent_ticket_overview_pending_til_test.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ class AgentTicketOverviewPendingTil < TestCase
 
   # regression for issue #2367 - cannot sort by Pending Til
   def test_sorting_by_pending_til
-    name = "overview_pending_til_#{rand(999_999)}"
+    name = "overview_pending_til_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/agent_ticket_overview_tab_test.rb

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class AgentTicketOverviewTabTest < TestCase
     )
     tasks_close_all
 
-    title = "test #{rand(9_999_999)}"
+    title = "test #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     # create new ticket
     ticket1 = ticket_create(

test/browser/agent_ticket_tag_test.rb

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class AgentTicketTagTest < TestCase
   end
 
   def test_b_tags
-    tag_prefix = "tag#{rand(1000)}"
+    tag_prefix = 'tag6'
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/agent_ticket_text_module_test.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AgentTicketTextModuleTest < TestCase
   def test_text_modules
-    random  = "text_module_test_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    random  = "text_module_test_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-    random2 = "text_module_test_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    random2 = "text_module_test_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ class AgentTicketTextModuleTest < TestCase
     tasks_close_all
 
     # test with two browser windows
-    random = "text_II_module_test_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    random = "text_II_module_test_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
-    user_rand = rand(99_999_999).to_s
+    user_rand = SecureRandom.uuid
     login     = "agent-text-module-#{user_rand}"
     firstname = "Text#{user_rand}"
     lastname  = "Module#{user_rand}"

test/browser/agent_ticket_update4_test.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class AgentTicketUpdate4Test < TestCase
     object_manager_attribute_create(
       data: {
         name:      'date1',
-        display:   "Date-#{rand(999_999)}",
+        display:   "Date-#{SecureRandom.uuid}",
         data_type: 'Date',
       },
     )

test/browser/agent_user_manage_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AgentUserManageTest < TestCase
   def test_agent_customer_ticket_create
-    random_number       = rand(999_999)
+    random_number       = SecureRandom.uuid
     customer_user_email = "customer-test-#{random_number}@example.com"
     firstname           = "Customer Firstname #{random_number}"
     lastname            = 'Customer Lastname'
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class AgentUserManageTest < TestCase
   end
 
   def test_agent_customer_ticket_zoom
-    customer_user_email = "customer-test-#{rand(999_999)}@example.com"
+    customer_user_email = "customer-test-#{SecureRandom.uuid}@example.com"
     firstname           = 'Customer Firstname'
     lastname            = 'Customer Lastname'
     fullname            = "#{firstname} #{lastname} <#{customer_user_email}>"

test/browser/agent_user_profile_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class AgentUserProfileTest < TestCase
   def test_user_profile
-    message = "1 #{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    message = "1 #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class AgentUserProfileTest < TestCase
     tasks_close_all
 
     # work with two browser windows
-    message = "comment 1 #{rand(99_999_999_999_999_999)}"
+    message = "comment 1 #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     # use current session
     browser1 = @browser

test/browser/first_steps_test.rb

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 class FirstStepsTest < TestCase
 
   def test_basic
-    agent    = "bob.smith_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    agent    = "bob.smith_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-    customer = "customer.smith_#{rand(99_999_999)}"
+    customer = "customer.smith_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/integration_cti_test.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class IntegrationCtiTest < TestCase
 
   # Regression test for #2017
   def test_nav_menu_notification_badge_clears
-    id = rand(99_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class IntegrationCtiTest < TestCase
 
   # Regression test for #2018
   def test_e164_numbers_displayed_in_prettified_format
-    id = rand(99_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class IntegrationCtiTest < TestCase
 
   # Regression test for #2096
   def test_inactive_users_displayed_inactive_in_caller_log
-    id = rand(99_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class IntegrationCtiTest < TestCase
 
   # Regression test for #2075
   def test_caller_ids_include_organization_names
-    id = rand(99_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/integration_sipgate_test.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 class IntegrationSipgateTest < TestCase
   # Regression test for #2017
   def test_nav_menu_notification_badge_clears
-    id = rand(99_999_999)
+    id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     @browser = browser_instance
     login(

test/browser/maintenance_session_message_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class MaintenanceSessionMessageTest < TestCase
   def test_message
-    string       = rand(99_999_999_999_999_999).to_s
+    string       = SecureRandom.uuid
     title_html   = "test <b>#{string}</b>"
     title_text   = "test <b>#{string}<\/b>"
     message_html = "message <b>1äöüß</b> #{string}\n\n\nhttps://zammad.org"

test/browser/manage_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'browser_test_helper'
 
 class ManageTest < TestCase
   def test_user
-    random     = "manage-test-#{rand(999_999)}"
+    random     = "manage-test-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     user_email = "#{random}@example.com"
 
     # user management

test/browser_test_helper.rb

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class TestCase < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       local_browser = browser_instance_remote
       break
     rescue => e
-      wait_until_ready = rand(5..13)
+      wait_until_ready = rand(5..13) # rubocop:disable Zammad/ForbidRand
       log('browser_instance', { rescure: true, count: count, sleep: wait_until_ready, exception: e })
       sleep wait_until_ready
 

test/integration/email_keep_on_server_test.rb

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class EmailKeepOnServerTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     @server_login = ENV['KEEP_ON_MAIL_SERVER_ACCOUNT'].split(':')[0]
     @server_password = ENV['KEEP_ON_MAIL_SERVER_ACCOUNT'].split(':')[1]
 
-    @folder = "keep_on_mail_server_#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+    @folder = "keep_on_mail_server_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
 
     email_address = EmailAddress.create!(
       realname:      'me Helpdesk',
-      email:         "me#{rand(999_999_999)}@example.com",
+      email:         "me#{SecureRandom.uuid}@example.com",
       updated_by_id: 1,
       created_by_id: 1,
     )

test/integration/email_postmaster_to_sender.rb

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class EmailPostmasterToSender < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   setup do
     Setting.set('postmaster_max_size', 0.1)
 
-    @test_id = rand(999_999_999)
+    @test_id = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     # setup the IMAP account info for Zammad
     if ENV['MAIL_SERVER'].blank?

test/integration/slack_test.rb

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class SlackTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   def hash_gen
-    (0...10).map { ('a'..'z').to_a[rand(26)] }.join
+    SecureRandom.hex(10)
   end
 
   def rand_word
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class SlackTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       'be a good boy',
       'invent new things',
     ]
-    words[rand(words.length)]
+    words.sample
   end
 
   def slack_check(channel_name, search_for)

test/support/searchindex_helper.rb

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ prepares elasticsearch
     # Setting.set('es_password', 'zammad')
 
     if ENV['ES_INDEX_RAND'].present?
-      rand_id          = ENV.fetch('CI_JOB_ID', "r#{rand(999)}")
+      rand_id          = ENV.fetch('CI_JOB_ID', "r#{SecureRandom.uuid}")
       test_method_name = method_name.gsub(%r{[^\w]}, '_')
-      ENV['ES_INDEX']  = "es_index_#{test_method_name.downcase}_#{rand_id}_#{rand(999_999_999)}"
+      ENV['ES_INDEX']  = "es_index_#{test_method_name.downcase}_#{rand_id.downcase}"
     end
     if ENV['ES_INDEX'].blank?
       raise "ERROR: Need ES_INDEX - hint ES_INDEX='estest.local_zammad'"

test/unit/email_process_sender_is_system_address_or_agent_test.rb

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class EmailProcessSenderIsSystemAddressOrAgent < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'process email with sender as system address check' do
-    subject = "some new subject #{rand(9_999_999)}"
+    subject = "some new subject #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email_raw_string = "From: me+is+customer@example.com
 To: customer@example.com
 Subject: #{subject}
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Some Text"
     assert_equal('me+is+customer@example.com', ticket.customer.email)
 
     # check article sender + customer of ticket
-    subject = "some new subject #{rand(9_999_999)}"
+    subject = "some new subject #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email_raw_string = "From: myzammad@system.test
 To: me+is+customer@example.com, customer@example.com
 Subject: #{subject}
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Some Text"
     assert_equal(ticket.id, ticket2.id)
 
     # follow-up not possible because subject has changed
-    subject = "new subject without ticket ref #{rand(9_999_999)}"
+    subject = "new subject without ticket ref #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email_raw_string = "From: me+is+customer@example.com
 To: myzammad@system.test
 Subject: #{subject}

test/unit/object_cache_test.rb

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ObjectCacheTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     # update group
     group1 = groups.first
-    group1.note = "some note #{rand(9_999_999_999)}"
+    group1.note = "some note #{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     group1.save
 
     assets = user1.assets({})

test/unit/organization_csv_import_test.rb

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class OrganizationCsvImportTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test 'simple import with members' do
     UserInfo.current_user_id = 1
 
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     customer1 = User.create_or_update(
       login:     "customer1-members#{name}@example.com",
       firstname: 'Member',

test/unit/session_basic_test.rb

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class SessionBasicTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     agent1 = User.create_or_update(
       login:         'activity-stream-agent-1',
       firstname:     'Session',
-      lastname:      "activity stream #{rand(99_999)}",
+      lastname:      "activity stream #{SecureRandom.uuid}",
       email:         'activity-stream-agent1@example.com',
       password:      'agentpw',
       active:        true,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class SessionBasicTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     )
 
     # create min. on activity record
-    random_name = "Random:#{rand(9_999_999_999)}"
+    random_name = "Random:#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     Group.create_or_update(
       name:          random_name,
       updated_by_id: 1,

test/unit/session_enhanced_test.rb

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class SessionEnhancedTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     roles        = Role.where(name: ['Agent'])
     groups       = Group.all
     organization = Organization.create(
-      name: "SomeOrg::#{rand(999_999)}", active: true,
+      name: "SomeOrg::#{SecureRandom.uuid}", active: true,
       updated_by_id: 1,
       created_by_id: 1,
     )

test/unit/user_test.rb

@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'strange spaces' do
-    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email = "customer_email#{name}@example.com"
     customer = User.create!(
       firstname:     'Role',
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal(email, customer.email)
     customer.destroy!
 
-    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email = "customer_email#{name}@example.com"
     customer = User.create!(
       firstname:     "\u{00a0}\u{00a0}Role",
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal(email, customer.email)
     customer.destroy!
 
-    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email = "customer_email#{name}@example.com"
     customer = User.create!(
       firstname:     "\u{200B}\u{200B}Role",
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal(email, customer.email)
     customer.destroy!
 
-    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email = "customer_email#{name}@example.com"
     customer = User.create!(
       firstname:     "\u{200B}\u{200B}Role\u{00a0}",
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal(email, customer.email)
     customer.destroy!
 
-    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{rand(999_999_999_999)}"
+    name = "#{Time.zone.now.to_i}-#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
     email = "customer_email#{name}@example.com"
     customer = User.create!(
       firstname:     "\u{200a}\u{200b}\u{202F}\u{205F}Role\u{2007}\u{2008}",
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'without email - but login eq email' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     login = "admin-role_without_email#{name}@example.com"
     email = "admin-role_without_email#{name}@example.com"
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'without email - but login ne email' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     login = "admin-role_without_email#{name}"
     email = "admin-role_without_email#{name}@example.com"
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'uniq email' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     email1 = "admin1-role_without_email#{name}@example.com"
     admin1 = User.create!(
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test 'uniq email - multiple use' do
     Setting.set('user_email_multiple_use', true)
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
 
     email1 = "admin1-role_without_email#{name}@example.com"
     admin1 = User.create!(
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'ensure roles' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     admin = User.create_or_update(
       login:         "admin-role#{name}@example.com",
       firstname:     'Role',
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'user default preferences' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     groups = Group.where(name: 'Users')
     roles  = Role.where(name: 'Agent')
     agent1 = User.create_or_update(
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       created_by_id: 1,
       updated_by_id: 1,
     )
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
       User.create_or_update(
         login:         "customer-role#{name}@example.com",
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'permission default' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     admin_count = User.with_permissions('admin').count
     admin = User.create_or_update(
       login:         "admin-role#{name}@example.com",
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal(0, admin_count_inital)
 
     # create two admin users
-    random = rand(999_999_999)
+    random = SecureRandom.uuid
     admin1 = User.create_or_update(
       login:         "1admin-role#{random}@example.com",
       firstname:     'Role',
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       created_by_id: 1,
     )
 
-    random = rand(999_999_999)
+    random = SecureRandom.uuid
     admin2 = User.create_or_update(
       login:         "2admin-role#{random}@example.com",
       firstname:     'Role',
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       created_by_id: 1,
     )
 
-    random = rand(999_999_999)
+    random = SecureRandom.uuid
     admin3 = User.create_or_update(
       login:         "2admin-role#{random}@example.com",
       firstname:     'Role',
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'only valid agent in group permission check' do
-    name = rand(999_999_999)
+    name = SecureRandom.uuid
     group = Group.create!(
       name:          "ValidAgentGroupPermission-#{name}",
       active:        true,
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'preferences[:notification_sound][:enabled] value check' do
-    name  = rand(999_999_999)
+    name  = SecureRandom.uuid
     roles = Role.where(name: 'Agent')
 
     agent1 = User.create!(
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     )
 
     group1 = Group.create_or_update(
-      name:          "GroupWithoutPermission-#{rand(9_999_999_999)}",
+      name:          "GroupWithoutPermission-#{SecureRandom.uuid}",
       active:        true,
       updated_by_id: 1,
       created_by_id: 1,